AS Biology: Carbohydrates Carbohydrates: what they are made up of, monomers, polymers + functions 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyBiological moleculesBiological molecules, organic chemistry and biochemistryASWJEC Created by: PennalingCreated on: 20-05-14 18:48 Made of Elements Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen 1 of 5 Structural formula of monomers Monomers are any simple sugar e.g. glucose. Alpha glucose has a hydrogen(H) above carbon-1, where as beta glucose has a hydroxide(OH) above the carbon-1. 2 of 5 Joining monomers together- forming a polymer Two alpha glucose monomers join together in a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond between O-C and releasing a molecule of H20. 3 of 5 Different Forms Monosaccharide: Glucose Fructose Galactose Disaccharides: Sucrose = alpha glucose + fructose Lactose = alpha glucose + galactose Maltese = alpha glucose + alpha glucose Polysaccharide: Cellulose = beta glucose Glycogen = alpha glucose Starch = alpha glucose 4 of 5 Functions Starch: Stores glucose in plants for respiration Made from amylase(coiled for compact storage) and amylopectin(branched for ease of breakdown) Insoluble - doesn't affect water potential Glycogen: Stores glucose in animals for respiration Made of amylopectin More branched than starch(so lots of energy can be easily be broken down) Insoluble - doesn't affect water potential Cellulose: Cell structure/structural strength in plant cell walls - preventing lysis Chain of beta glucose - alternate beta glucose rotated by 180 degrees Able to form many hydrogen(H) bonds between OH groups Produces microfibrils which bond together to form fibres at different angles(gives strength) 5 of 5
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