In the phallic stage, boy has a intense love for his mother
Sees father as rival for her affections
However...
Realises father is physically stronger
Afraid of punishment from him via castration
Anxiety resolved by...
Son identifies with father
Son becomes like the father (incl. gender behaviour)
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Electra Complex
According to Freud
In the phallic stage, girl has a intense love for her father
Sees mother as rival for his affections
"Penis Envy" - blames mother for a lack of a penis
However...
Worried she will lose mother's love due to competing for affection
Anxiety resolved by...
Girl identifies with mother
Learning gender role/appropriate behaviour
Thus enabling a healthy gender development
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Effects of psycho-sexual stages on adult personali
ORAL
Receptive - Very trusting, Gullible and Over Dependant
Agressive - Agressive and Domineering
ANAL
Retentive - Mean, Stubborn and Obsessively tidy
Expulsive - Over generous, Untidy and Uncoventional
PHALLIC
Self assured, Self-obsessive, Vain and Impulsive. Can include sexual deviancy and unusual ways of sexual gratification e.g. fetishes
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Freud Psychodynamic Theory EVALUATION
Advantages
Evidence to support role of unconscious - Little Hans - Fear of horses linked to Oedipus complex, unconcious displaced his fear. Children use defence mechanisms and imitate/identify with same-sex parents.
Good pratical applications for mental illnesses. Rather than barbaric medical treatment, talking therapy can be an alternative.
Disadvantages
Methodological Problems - it's unscientific as the concepts can't be measured or tested e.g. ID
(Limited) - Does not explain development into adulthood, stops at adolescence. Erikson's psychodynamic theory is from birth to death and how we still develop into old age.
There is research that contradicts Freud and makes it seem reductionist. Freud suggests not having a same sex parent or two parents will effect the sexual orientation of the child. Malinowski shows boys develop normally without a same sex parent to identify with.
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