Study 1: Helping Elaine
A01: Participants in the high empathy condition still helped even when given the opportunity to leave (Batson et al., 1981)
A02: This suggests that... people help for reasons other than just the reduction of their own personal distress.
A02: However... it is possible that participants in Batson et al.'s study saw through the deception and acted accordingly.
Study 2: Gaining social approval
A01: FULTZ et al. (1986) found that the possibility of social evaluation did not increase helping in a high empathy condition, whereas in a low empathy condition helping was lower if there was no possibility of social evaluation.
A02: This suggests that when empathy is aroused, people are likely to help for purely altruistic reasons, but in the absence of empathy, egoistic reasons are more important in determining whether help will be given.
A02: In real like people may behave differently, according to OLINER and OLINER (1988), who found that 37% of those who helped jews during WWII did so for altruistic reasons.
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