All the Definitioins that you need to know for pe

Aerobic

" With oxygen". If exercise is not too fast and is steady, the heart can suppy all the oxygen muscles need.

Aesthetic appreciation

To be able to see the beauty in a performance.

Agility

The ability to change the position of the body quickly and to control the movement of the whole body.

Anabolic steriods

Drugs that mimic the male sex hormone testosterone and promote bone and muscle growth

anaerobic

"without oxygen". If exercise is done in short, fast bursts, the heart cannot supply blood and oxygen to muscles as fast as cells use them.

Anorexic

Pertaining to anorexia; a prolonged eating disorder due to loss of appetite.

Balance

The ability to retain the body's centre of mass (gravity) above the base of support with reference to static (stationary), or dyanamic (changing), conditions of movement, shape and orientation.

Balanced Diet

A diet which contains an optimal ratio of nutrients.

Beta Blockers

Drugs that are used to control heart rate and that have a calming and relaxing effect.

Blood pressure

blood pressure is the force exerted by the heart as it pumps blood out of the heart and into the arteries (systolic high pressure) and it is low when it relaxes between beats (diastolic).

Body composition

The percentage of body weight which is fat, muscle and bone.

Cardiac output

The amount of blood ejected form the heart in one minute.

Cardiovascular fitness

the ability to exercise the entire body for long periods of time.

Cholesterol

cholesterol is a blood fat which the body needs in moderate amounts

Circuit training

A set of 6 to 10 exercises performed at stations in an organised pattern. Each exercise is performed for a specified number of repetitions or for a prescribed time before moving on to the next exercise.

Competence

the relationship between: skill, the selecton and application of skils, tatics, strategies and compositional ideas: and the readiness of the body and mind to cope with the activity. It requires an understanding of how these combine to produce effective performances in different activities and contexts.

Cooper's run test

A test of cardiovascular fitness.

Coordination

The ability to use two or more body parts together.

Cross training

Using more than one training method.

Diuretics

Drugs that elevate the rate of bodily urine excretion.

Ectomorph

A somatotype, individuals with narrow shoulders and narrow hips, characterised by thinness.

Endomorph

A somatotype, individuals with wide hips and narrow shoulders, characterised by fatness.

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A type of peptide hormone that increases the red blood cell count

Exercise

A form of physical activity done to maintain or improve health and/or physical fitness.

Fartlek training

This type of training allows an athlete to run at varying speeds, over unmeasured distances, on different terrain. ( Fartlek is swedish for " speed play")

Fitness

The ability to meet the demands of the environmennt.

FITT

Frequency, intensity, time, type (used to increse tthe amount of work the body does, in order to achieve overload).

Flexibility

The range of movement possible at a joint.

Health

A state of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Health- related exercise

Exercise which is undertaken primarily to improve health and fitness for life.

Healthy, active lifestyle

A lifestyle that contributes positively to physical, mental and social wellbeing, and that includes regular physical activity.

Heart rate

The number of times the heart beats each minute.

Hypokinetic disease

A disease related to too little activity. ( hypo means under or too little: kinetice means energy or activity.)

Hypertrophy

Scientific term for an increase in the size of muscle.

individual differences / needs

matching training to the requirements of an individual.

Isometric contractions

muscle contraction which results in increased tension but the length does not alter, for example, when pressing a stationary object.

isotonic contraction

muscle contraction that results in limb movement.

joint

A place where two or more bones meet.

ligaments

A tissue that joins bone to bone.

mesomorph

A somatotype, individuals with wide shoulders and narrow hips characterised by muscularity.

Methods of training:

interval training, continuous training, circuit training, weight training, Fartlek training, cross training.

Muscular endurance

the ability to use voluntary muscles many times without getting tired.

muscle endurance

the ability to use voluntary muscles many times without getting tired.

muscle groups

muscles may be arranged in groups according location and/or function, for example, the muscles of the leg.

muscular strength

The amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance.

Narcotic analgesics

Drugs that can be used to reduce the feeling of pain.

obese

a term used to describe people that are very overfat.

optimum weight

best weight or desirable weight- the best weight a player performs at.

overfat

A way of saying you have more body fat than you should have.

overload

Fitness can only be improved through training more than you normally do.

Overweight

Having weight in excess of normal ( not harmful unless accompanied by overfatness.

Oxygen dept

The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would have ordinarily been consumed in the same time at rest ( this results in a shortfall in the oxygen available).

PAR-Q

Physical activity readiness questionaire.

PEP

Personal Exercise Programme

Peptide hormones

Drugs that cause the production of other hormones

Performance

How well a task is completed.

PESSCL

PE and School Sport Club Links

Physical activity

Any form of exercise or movemnt; physical activity may be planned and structured or unplanned and unstructured (in PE we are concerned with planned and structured physiacl activity, such as a fitness class).

Power

The ability to do strength performances quickly ( power = strenght x speed).

Progressive overload

To gradually increase the amount of overload so that fitness gains occur, but without potential for injury.

Reaction time

The time between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of a movement. 

The time required for the repair of damage to the body caused by training or competition.

Restoring (an injury) to its normal functioning state.

Rest

The period of  time allotted to recovery.

Resistance training.

Training that uses a resistance or force against which specific muscle groups must work, for example, weight training.

Reversibility

Any adaptation that takes place as a consequence of training will be reversed when you stop training.

RICE

Rest, ice, compression, elevation (a method of treating injuries).

Role models

A person you can aspire to, to make you into a better person. Often have qualities that we would like to have.

Self-esteem.

Respect for, or a favourable opinion of, oneself.

Skill-related fitness

Exercise which may be undertaken primarily to improve sporting ability.

SMART

Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, timebound.

Socio-economic status.

May be based on a person's income, education, and occupation.

Somatotypes

Classification of body type.

Specificity

Matching training to the requirements of an activity.

Speed

The differential rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time.

Stimulants

Drugs that have an effect on the central nervous system, such as increased mental and/or physical alertness.

Stroke volume

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction.

Target zone

The range within which an individual needs to work for aerobic training to take place (60-80 per cent of maximum heart rate).

Tendons

A tissue that joins muscles to bone.

Training

A well-planned programme which uses scientific principals to improve performance, skill, game ability and motor and physical fitness.

Training thresholds

The boundaries of the target zone.

Underweight

Weighing less than is normal, healthy or required.