Alcohol -AS 2 - N&FS

1g = 7kcal

Increases illness = cancer ( 4% of all cancers caused by alcohol

Heavy drinking = LIVER CIRRHOSIS ( liver damage )

Damage cells 

Drink & smoke = 3x more likely to have oral cancer

Only protect women over 55 - damage body = NO MORE THAN 14 UNITS PER WEEK (spread)

Female liver = ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (enzyme) = break down alcohol = stay in body = alcohol more concentrated

• Acetaldehyde = alcohol --> toxic = damage DNA + stop cell repair ( liver cells grow fast + pick up harmful changes )
• Oestrogen & hormones = high = give instructions (body messengers) 
• Folate & nutrients = lower cancer ( DNA production )

1. Bowel = Meat & alcohol ^ - Acetaldehyde damage DNA (dont stop growing / dont repair)

2. Liver = liver cells die = affect ability to repair self = scar ( cirrhosis + non-alcohol liver disease )

3. Breast = Protein (CYP2E1) = oxidative stress & inc prolifer ( lower folate & inc oestrogen )

4. Mouth & Oesophagus & Larynx  = damage DNA + stop repair - mouth tissue absorb carcogenic

• Ferment starch & sugar
• Emoty kcal

System prioritizes getting rid of alcohol = other process interrupted ( absorption of nutrient )

Obese women = cirrhosis

82% people unaware that alcohol has kcal

Hard to lose weight = alter blood sugar lvl

Over 45 = alcohol can protect heart = red wine

^ intake regularly = ^ heart rate  = tachycardia (cause clots )

• ^BP = weight gain 
• Weak heart =  enlarged = Cardiomyopathy 
• Irregular heart beat = pains = arythmia

Alcohol protect:

• Prevent artery damage = inc HDL + lower atheroma
• Stop clots = lower platelets sticking & fibrinogen
• Good for heart = antioxidant = ^ flavanoids 

Anti-clot ability = protect 

Alcohol = inc HEMORRHAGIC STROKE & BRAIN BLEEDING

Placenta = doesn't keep harmful toxins away from baby = harmful ( liver cant process )

1. Miscarriage = can happen in 1st trimester

2. Premature birth / Low birth weight 

Short term baby problems

• Breath + Heart + Brain problems 

Long term baby problems

• Hearing problem 
• Vision problems = Retinopathy (blood vessels in eyes swell)
• Impaired cognitive skills = learning disability + ADHD
• Cerebral Palsy =muscle & posture disorder

Umbrella term = spectrum of abnormalities

• Egocentric
• Poor attention
• Poor short term memory
• Language & learn difficulty

* NO FACIAL DEFORMITIES *

Physical & Mental birth defects  

Growth problems + Brain damage + Abnormal face

• Low nose bridge
• Thin top lip
• Abnormal ears

Infants with FASD:

• Irritable
• dont eat
• hypertonia/hypotonia ( too much/ little muscle tone )

Adults with FASD:

• Not independent 
• Trouble 
• Hard relationships

Alcohol = replace food = less nutrients absorbed = pass deficiency onto baby

• Vitamin B1 = beri - beri = large heart + weak muscle + paralysis (thiamin = break down alcohol = needed)

• Folate = Not enough in first 12 week = SPINA BIFIDA

• Protein = maintain cell structure + transport substances + act like enzyme
• Hepatic encephalopathy= mental function change = toxins in blood= hepatic coma 

lower appetite

1. Fat metabolism = hard  for liver to remove toxins ( alcohol converted to acetaldehyde ) = fat build up = cirrhosis + liver cancer

2. Glucose =body try to excrete alcohol = cant maintain glucose & hormones ( insulin less effective ) 

3. Water Vitamins = diuretic = excreted = impair absorption + damage cell lining  = stop vitamin absorption

4.Fat Vitamins = low bile production = affect vit D & calcium absorption + can cause vit k deficiency ( needed for clotting )

5. Minerals=

• Iron = gastrointestal bleeding + anaemia 
• Zinc = needed for growth +immunity + wound  healing