To survive, organisms take materials from their surroundings and other living organisms
Animals compete for food, territory and a mate. Only those well adapted to their environment are likely to surviv.
Plants compete with one another for light. Leaves are arranged to maximise the sunlight reaching them. Their root systems are large to maximise water nutrient intake.
Sharps thorns protect plants from grazing animals.
Plants and animal poisons and warning colours deter predtors.
To avoid being eaten, animals (includinginsects) are camoflaged or mimic more aggressive creatures.
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