A2 Criminal Law cases

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  • Created by: feroshxo
  • Created on: 07-06-17 20:39

Actus reus

Hill v Baxter 1958- voluntary act
Larsonneur 1933- state of affairs

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Actus reus- causation

Pagett 1983- factual cause
White 1910- factual cause
Kimsey 1996- legal cause
Blaue 1975- thin skull rule
Smith 1959- medical treatment
Cheshire 1991- medical treatment
Jordan 1959- medical treatment
Malcherek 1981- life support machine
Roberts 1971- victims own act
Marjoram 2000- victims own act
Williams 1992- victims own act

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Actus reus- omissions

Pitwood 1902- contractual duty
Gibbins and Proctor 1918- relationship duty
Stone and Dobinson 1977- voluntarily assumed duty
Dytham 1979- duty due to official position
Miller 1983- creating a dangerous situation
Terrorism Act 2000- statutory duty
Lowe 1973- involuntary manslaughter and omission
Bland 1993- duty of doctors

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Mens rea- intention (specific intent)

Mohan 1975- defined intention
Hancock and Shankland 1986- direct and oblique intent
Woolin 1998- foresight of consequences
Moloney 1985- foresight of consequences
Nedrick 1986- foresight of consequences
Re A 2000- foresight of consequences
Matthews and Alleyne 2003- foresight of consequences

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Mens rea- recklessness

Cunningham 1957- explanation of recklessness
Savage 1992- affirmed explanation of recklessness
Caldwell 1981- objective recklessness
G and Another 2003- objective recklessness
Lidar 2000- reckless manslaughter

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Mens rea- negligence

Adomako 1994- leading case 

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Mens rea- knowledge

Sweet v Parsley 1969- inferred knowledge

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Mens rea- transferred malice

Latimer 1886- transferred malice principle
Pembilton 1874- completely different mens rea
Gnango 2011- recent case of transferred malice

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Mens rea- coincidence of actus reus and mens rea

Thabo Meli v R 1954- actus reus and mens rea presence
Church 1965- actus reus and mens rea presence
Fagan 1986- continuing act

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Strict liability

Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Strokwain Ltd 1986- Medicine Act 1968
Larsonneur 1933- absolute liability
Winzar 1983- absolute liability
Prince 1875- strict liability
Hibbert 1869- strict liability
Callow v Tillstone 1900- no fault
Shah and Shah 1999- due diligence defence
Cundy v Le Cocq 1884- defence of mistake
Sherras v De Rutzen 1895- defence of mistake 
Sweet v Pasley 1969- presumption of mens rea
Gammon (Hong Kong) Ltd v AG of Hong Kong 1984- Gammon test
B v DPP 2000- penalty of imprisonment

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Attempts

White 1910- attempted murder
Gullefer 1987- more than merely preparatory
Geddes 1996- mere preperation
Campbell 1990- mere preparation
Boyle and Boyle 1987- attempted burglary
Tosti 1997- attempted burglary
Jones 1990- attempted murder
Easom 1971- mens rea of an attempt
AG's Ref (no's 1 and 2 of 1979) 1979- mens rea of an attempt
Whybrow 1951- mens rea of attempted murder
Millard and Vernon 1987- recklessness and attempts
AG's Ref no. 3 1994- recklessness and attempts
Anderton v Ryan 1985- attempting the impossible
Shivpuri 1986- attempting the impossible

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Murder

Re A 2000- unlawful killing
AG's Ref no. 3 1997- reasonable creature in being
Gibbins and Proctor 1918- omission
Beckford 1988- reasonable force
Clegg 1995- excessive force
Martin 2002- excessive force
Vickers 1957- mens rea for murder
DPP v Smith 1961- grievous bodily harm 
Woollin 1998- foresight of consequences
Nedrick 1986- foresight of consequences

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Voluntary manslaughter- diminished responsibility

Byrne 1960- abnormality of mental functioning
Lloyd 1967- substantially impaired
Dowds 2012- diminished responsibility and intoxication
Dietschmann 2003- pre-existing abnormality of mental functioning and intoxication
Hendy 2006- pre-existing abnormality of mental functioning and intoxication
Robson 2006- 
pre-existing abnormality of mental functioning and intoxication
Tandy 1989- intoxication due to addiction
Wood 2008- intoxication due to addiction

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Voluntary manslaughter- loss of control

Ahluwalia 1992- provocation
Dawes 2013- fear of violence
Doughty 1986- thing said or things done
Zebedee 2012- things said or things done
Clinton 2012- sexual infidelity
Ibrams and Gregory 1981- desire for revenge
Baillie 1995- sudden loss of control and desire for revenge
Camplin 1978- standard of self control
Holley 2005- personal characteristics
Gregson 2006- circumstances of the defendant
Hill 2008- circumstances of the defendant
Van Dongen 2005- same or similar way
Dawes, Bowyer and Hatter 2013- sufficient evidence

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Involuntary manslaughter- unlawful act

Lamb 2967- unlawful act
Lowe 1973- act not omission
Larkin 1943- dangerous act
Mitchell 1983- dangerous act
JM and SM 2012- some harm
Goodfellow 1986- act aginst property
Dawson 1985- physical harm
Watson 1989- physical harm
Bristow, Dunn and Delay 2013- physical harm
Cato 1976- administering illegal drug
Dalby 1982- administering illegal drug
Kennedy 2007- administering illegal drug
Newbury and Jones 1976- mens rea 

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Involuntary manslaughter- gross negligence

Adomako 1994- leading case
Donoghue v Stevenson 1932- civil principles
Singh 1999- landlord and tenant duty of care
Litchfield 1998- ship captain and cabin crew duty of care
Wacker 2002- lorry driver and illegal immigrants duty of care
Bateman 1925- gross negligence breach
Misra and another 2004- risk of death

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Involuntary manslaughter- reckless

Lidar 2000

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Offences Against the Person- assault

Constanza 1997- an act
Ireland 1997- silent telephone calls is an act
Lamb 1967- apprehend immediate unlawful force
Smith v Chief Superintendent of Woking Police Stattion 1983- apprehend immediate unlawful force
Savage 1669- apprehend immediate unlawful force
Light 1857- apprehend immediate unlawful violence

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Offences Against the Person- battery

Collins v Wilcock 1984- application of unlawful force
Wood v DPP 2008- application of unlawful force
Fagan 1968- continuing act
Martin 1881- indirect act
DPP v K 1990- indirect act
DPP v Santana-Bermudez 2003- omission as an act
DPP v Majewski 1978- mens rea 

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Offences Against the Person- assault occasioning a

T v DPP 2003- actual bodily harm
DPP v Smith 2006- actual bodily harm
Chan Fook 1994- psychiatric injury
Burstow 1997- psychiatric harm
Roberts 1971- mens rea
Savage 1991- mens rea
Parmenter 1991- mes rea

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Offences Against the Person- malicious wounding/in

JCC v Eisenhower- defined a wound
Wood 1830- wound
DPP v Smith 1961- really serious harm
Saunders 1985- serious harm
Bollom 2004- injuries assessed according to victim
Burstow 1997- psychiatric harm
Dica 2004- transmission of disease
Cunningham 2957- mens rea
Parmenter 1991- mens rea

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Offences Against the Person- wounding of causing g

Taylor 2009- mens rea
Morrison 1989- mens rea

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Theft

Pitham v Hehl 1977- appropriation
Morris 1983- appropriation
Lawrence 1971- consent to appropriation
Gomez 1993- consent to appropriation
Hinks 200- consent without deception
Atakpu and Abrahams 1994- appropriation at one point in time
Kelly and Lindsay 1998- property
Oxford v Moss 1979- intangible property
Turner 1971- possession or control
Webster 2006- propriatary interest
Klineberg and Marsden 1999- property recieved under an obligation
Davidge v Bunnett 1984- property recieved under an obligation
AG's Ref no. 1 1985- property recieved by mistake
Holden 1991- unreasonable mistake
Ghosh 1982- ghosh test
Velumyl 1989- intention to permanantly deprive
Lloyd 1985- borrowing or lending
Easom 1971- conditonal intent

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Robbery

Robinson 1977- completed theft
Corcoran v Anderton 1980- completed theft
Dawson and James 1976- force or threat of force
Clouden 1987- confirmed force or threat of force
Hale 1979- force immediately before or at the time of the theft
Lockley 1995- force immediately before or at the time of the theft

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Burglary

Collins 1972- entry/trespasser
Brown 1985- entry
Ryan 1996- entry
Leathley 1979- building or part of a building
Seekings and Gould 1986- building or part of a building
Walkington 1979- part of a building
Smith and Jones 1976- going beyond permission

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Defences- insanity

M'Naghten 1843- basis for M'Naghten rules
Clarke 1972- defect of reason
Kemp 1956- disease of the mind
Sullivan 1984- disease of the mind
Hennessy 1989- disease of the mind
Burgess 1991- disease of the mind
Quick 1973- external factors
Coley 2013- voluntary intoxication
Johnson 2007- not knowing the nature and quality of his act

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Defences- automatism

Bratty v AG's Ref for NI 1963- defined automatism
Hill v Baxter 1958- no fault 
T 1990- exceptional stress 
AG's Ref no.2 1994- reduced or partial control
Bailey 1983- self-induced automatism
Hardie 1984- self-induced automatism

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Defences- intoxication

DPP v Beard 1920- voluntary intoxication
Gallagher 1963- Dutch courage
Kingston 1994- involuntary intoxication
Lipman 1970- intoxicated mistake

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Defences- duress

DPP for NI v Lynch 1975- secondary party to murder
Howe 1987- murder
Wilson 2007- murder
Gotts 1992- attempted murder

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Defences- duress by threat

Valderrama-Vega 1985- seriousness of the threat
Martin 1989- threat to whom
Graham 1982- subjective and objective tests
Martin (DP) 2000- subjective test
Bowen 1996- objective test
Gill 1963- safe avenue of escape
Hudson and Taylor 1971- safe avenue of escape
Abdul-Hussain 1999- imminence of threat
Sharp 1987- self-induced duress
Shepherd 1987- self-induced duress
Hasan (formerly Z) 2005- associating with violent individuals

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Defences- duress of circumstances

Willer 1986- first recognised case
Conway 1988- following case
Pommell 1995- not available to murder, attempted murder and some forms of treason
Cairns 1999- real threat

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Defences- necessity

Dudley v Stephens 1884- leading case
Re F 1990- recognition of the defence
Re A 2000- recognition of the defence
Shayler 2001- recognition of the defence

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Defences- self defence

Hussain and another 2010- degree of force
Williams 1987- mistaken use of force 
AG's Ref no. 2 1984- pre-emptive strike
Martin 2002- characteristics of defendant

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Defences- consent

Donovan 1934- consent and battery
Slingsby 1995- consent and unlawful act manslaughter
Tabassum 2000- true consent
Olugbojas 1982- victim submits and consent
Dica 2004- venereal disease and consent
Wilson v Pringle 1987- implied consent
Barnes 2004- implied consent
AG's Ref no.6 1980- consent to minor injuries
Brown 1993- consent and sadomasochistic acts between homosexuals 
Wilson 1996- consent and personal adornment
Jones 1986- mistaken belief in consent
Emmett 1999- consent and sadomasochistic acts between heterosexuals
G 2008- horseplay
R v DPP 2001- consent and euthanasia

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