7.3.b Diabetes in the USA

• Obesity - 87.5% of those with type 2 are overweight or obese
• Lack of exercise - 40% do less than 10 minutes per day
• Smoking - 30-40% more likely than non-smokers, increases with the number per day
• Ethnicity and race - 15.1% of American Indians, 7.4% of White
• Education - 2.6% of those with qualifications lower than high school, 7.2% of those with qualifications above high school level
• Poverty - 18.5% of those earning less than $18,000

Economic impacts

• $245 billion costs to the US economy
• $176 billion of this is direct medical costs such as medicine and amputations
• $69 billion of this is in reduced productivity by people missing work
• Economic costs of diabetes have risen 26% in the last 5 years

Social impacts

• Can reduce life expectancy by 10 years
• 230 amputations per day
• Twice as likely to have a stroke
• Stigma - fat, lazy, poor

California sugar tax

• 1% per ounce of soda was introduced in 2018
• Consumption dropped significantly
• 3 years later - 52% fewer servings of sugary drinks
• Water consumption rose by 29%
• Healthier habits, however, shops lost money - negative economic impact

Y-USA's Diabetes Prevention Program

• More preventative than reactive
• Expanded into the Medicare program
• Delivered to 8,000 people who were at risk of developing diabetes
• Not many people impacted compared to the sugar tax
• Provides jobs, free for public
• Impacted those who needed it most compared to healthy people impacted by the sugar tax

National Prediabetes Awareness Campaign

• 1 in 3 Americans have prediabetes with 90% not knowing it
• 2 million realised they were at risk through this campaign
• 1-minute fun videos where you would find out how at-risk you were
• Viewers encouraged to speak to their doctors if they had a high score
• Millions watched it and it is free and quick
• However many might not take the information in and just watch the animals instead

Eat Smart, Move More South Carolina (ESMMSC)

• Non-profit organisation
• Promotes healthier eating and encourages more exercise
• Especially for youth at risk
• All about making the healthy choice
• Want to change the landscape and environment making it easier to make healthier choices whether in exercise or in food
• Only in South Carolina - no widespread impact