3.2 Nutrition in humans 0.0 / 5 ? Biology3.2 Nutrition in humansIGCSEEdexcel Created by: 14mut64Created on: 11-05-19 20:14 A Balanced Diet Carbohydrates - provide energy; e.g. pasta &r rice Protein - needed for growth and repair of tissue; e.g. meat & fish Lipids - procide energy, act as an energy store, and provide insulation Vitamins: Vitamin A - helps improve vision and keep skin and hair healthy; e.g. Liver Vitamin C - needed to prevent scurvy; e.g. (citrus) fruit Vitamin D - needed for calcium absorption; e.g. eggs Minerals: Calcium - needed to make bones and teeth; e.g. milk & cheese Iron - needed to make haemoglobin for healthy blood; e.g. red meat Water - needed for every bodily function; e.g. food & drink Dietary fibre - aids the movement of food through the gut; e.g. wholemeal bread & fruit 1 of 3 Digestive Enzymes digestion of carbohydrates: amylase breaks down starch into maltose maltease breaks down maltose into glucose digestion of proteins: protease breaks proteins down into amino acids digestion of lipids: lipase breaks lipids down into glycerol and fatty acids Enzymes are biological catalysts in metabolic reactions. Enzymes can denature if the temperature is too high or the pH is not right. When an enzyme denatures it loses the shape of its active site, meaning that the substrate can no longer fit. 2 of 3 Bile bile is made in the liver and is stored in the gall bladder bile is an alkali that neutralises stomach acids in the small intestine bile also emulsifies lipids and breaks them down into smaller droplets 3 of 3
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