3.1.2.1 SKILL, SKILL CONTINUUMS AND TRANSFER OF SKILLS 0.0 / 5 ? Physical EducationSkill AcquisitionASOCR Created by: James MuttittCreated on: 22-01-18 09:41 MUSCULAR INVOLVEMENT CONTINUUM GROSS SKILLS Large muscle movement Little concern on precision Running/weight lifting FINE SKILLS Small muscle movements Involves precision and accuracy Wrist action in spin bowl 1 of 10 ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE CONTINUUM OPEN SKILLS Environment affects the skill Perception needed Decision making Tackle or pass CLOSED SKILLS Environment has no affect on the skill Habitual movement (repeat) Little information to process High jump or forward roll 2 of 10 CONTINUITY CONTINUUM DISCRETE SKILLS To repeat skill you must start again Clear start and end Kicking a ball SERIAL SKILLS Discrete skills linked Sequence is important Triple jump CONTINUOUS SKILLS No clear start or end End of a cycle is the start of another Running or walking 3 of 10 PACING CONTINUUM SELF SKILLS Players have control over the speed of movement Habitual (same movement) Tennis serve EXTERNAL SKILLS Speed of movements is controlled by environment Usually open skills Recieving a pass or sprint start 4 of 10 DIFFICULTY CONTINUUM SIMPLE SKILLS Few subroutines Few decisions Little information Sprinting or long jump COMPLEX SKILLS Many subroutines Decision making Lots of information to process Tennis serve or somersault 5 of 10 ORGANISATION CONTINUUM LOW SKILLS Subroutines can be seperated Practised in parts Usually a sequence Trampoline routine HIGH SKILLS Subroutines are closely linked Practised as a whole Golf swing 6 of 10 TRANSFER OF LEARNING POSITIVE TRANSFER One skill helps the learning of another skill Chest pass in netball to basketball NEGATIVE TRANSFER One skill hinders the learning of another skill Footwork in netball hinders dribbling in basketball BI-LATERAL TRANSFER Transfer from limb to limb Footballer kicking with both feet 7 of 10 TRANSFER OF LEARNING RETROACTIVE TRANSFER Current learning of a new skill affects the performance of a previously learned skill Current learning of a badminton overhead clear affects the previously learned tennis smash (positively or negatively) PROACTIVE TRANSFER Current learning of a new skill affects the performance of a future skill A tennis player currently learns a badminton clear will affect the learning of a tennis smash in the future (positively or negatively) 8 of 10 WAYS TO OPTIMISE POSITIVE TRANSFER Using similar skills to promote transfer e.g. overarm throw and a badminton clear Previous skills must be learnt well Positive reinforcement e.g. praise when the transfer occurs Identical Elements Theory e.g. tag rugby Elements of information processing may be similar 9 of 10 WAYS TO LIMIT NEGATIVE TRANSFER Avoid skills that can cause confusion if practised together e.g. handstands then headstands immediately Before teaching a skill ensure the learner understands the task to avoid confusion e.g. a clear demonstration would help Ensure in part practise the first subroutine is learnt well before moving on to avoid confusion e.g. trampoline routine 10 of 10
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