1.4.b Mangawhai-Pakiri 0.0 / 5 ? Geography1 CoastsA2/A-levelOCR Created by: lee8444Created on: 01-02-20 17:19 Economic Development Sand is an essential mineral resource in the modern economy Used for Construction Concrete Glass Beach replenishment Northeast of New Zealand off the Mangawhai-Pakiri coastline is high-quality sand that is suitable for construction 50km North of Auckland 1 of 3 Current Dredging 70 years of dredging along the 20km coastline From 1994 to 2004, 165,000 cubic metres of sand per year has been removed Currently 75,000 cubic metres until 2020 Currently being used to replenish beaches for tourists in Auckland Deposited during the Holocene 9000 years ago, the sand is a non-renewable source and the closed system has been impacted by this 2 of 3 Unintentional Impact Current rates are unsustainable Beaches have become starved of sediment This causes beaches to be wider and flatter Beaches are absorbing more energy increasing erosion Loss of vegetation increases the impact of wind erosion Less natural protection against storm events due to the dredging All impacts are exaggerated by climate change causing higher sea levels 3 of 3
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