1.1 Diet and Exercise

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Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates provide food for the body so it can do tasks such as running or walking.
  • Carbohydrates are our main energy source.
  • Carbohydrates help the body maintain energy. 
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Fats

  • Fats are used to insulate the body (keep the body warm)
  • Fats protect our internal organs from damage.
  • Fats store energy which can be used when you run out of carbohydrates.
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Proteins

  • Proteins are needed for growth and repair.
  • When making cells or repairing damaged cells, proteins are required and ESSENTIAL.
  • Proteins can be burnt for 'energy' if there are no available carbohydrates.
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Vitamins

  • Different vitamins provide different things and additions to the body. 
  • Vitamins also keep the body healthy.

Vitamin C - Stops scurvy and helps fight flu.

Vitamin A - Helps night vision.

Vitamin D - Allows better calcium absorption. 

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Minerals

  • Minerals help the body function properly.
  • Minerals help your body carry oxygen.
  • Minerals build stronger muscles.
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Deficiency Diseases

What is a Deficiency Disease?

An occuring problem in your body due to a lack of an important nutrient or component. Examples of Deficiency Diseases could be scurvy or night blindness.

Deficiency diseases can lead to problems in growth, health or normal bodily activities

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Metabolic Rate

Respiration is the chemical reaction that allows cells to release energy from food

The metabolic rate is the speed of these chemical reactions.

What affects the metabolic rate of a person?

  • The age of the person.
  • The gender (male or female)
  • The proportion of muscle to fat ratio.
  • The amount of exercise the person does. 
  • Inheritance
  • The person's job
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Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a fatty substance transported in the blood to keep our cells functioning normally. 

The amount of cholesterol you have in your body depends upon:

  • The amount of fat you have in your body
  • Inheritance

A high cholesterol = risk of diseases in the heart and in the blood vessels.

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Balanced Diet

A balanced diet is a diet that consists of adequate amounts of all the necessary nutritional requirements for healthy growth and activity. 

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