18

"any process directed at modifying or maintaining moods or emotions whose operation depends on monitoring of affective information" (Parkinson & Totterdell, 1999)

• ·     described targets and functions of emotion regulation. The emotion-generating systems that are targeted in emotion regulation include attention, knowledge, and bodily responses. The functions of emotion regulation include needs, goals and person-oriented. Koole (2009) explained emotion-regulation strategies in terms of their targets and functions. Need-oriented emotion regulation is motivated by people's needs to experience hedonic rewarding states, which involve low negative emotion and high positive emotion. Goal-oriented emotion regulation is directed by a single goal, norm or task. Person-oriented emotion regulation maintains the personality system, which comprises of a person's needs, goals, motives, and other aspects of self (Koole, 2009).