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hypothesised that it is signalled by nonverbal actions that signal the opposite of weakness. Weakness is signalled by postural constriction and reduction of physical size. Therefore, for pride, it is expected that it is signalled by an expansive posture alongside head movements up and back. They photographed people displaying postural expansion as well as a backward head tilt and a slight smile. It was found that observers reliably judged these displays as pride.

Aviezer et al (2008) showed that disgust expression accompanied by different body position and props is interpreted differently