Enzymes are specific because they have a precise tertiary structure which exactly matches the structure of the substrate.
Enzymes have a cleft on their surface that is tailored for the substrate to fit into, within the cleft are chemical groups which bind to the substrate and possibly react with it - this region of the enzyme is called the active site.
E+S <-> ES -> EP -> E+P
The rate determining step is E+S -> ES
Enzymes are specific in their action. They are very sensitive to substrate, temperature, pH and inhibition.
If the substrate concentration is high, the rate equation will be rate=k[E]
This is because the rate of the reaction now depends only on the concentration of the enzyme as all the active sites have been filled with substrates.
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