Ex-09: Explain Why the USA Entered the First World War in 1917? (12 marks)

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Explain Why the USA Entered the First World War in 1917? (12 marks)

Causes

  • The influence of Woodrow Wilson and his moral stance against Germany (He changed his mind from original avoidance of war).
  • Friendship with Great Britain  over a long period of time.
  • Trade with European nations.
  • The geographical threat from Mexico/Zimmerman telegram.
  • Sinking of the Lusitania.

Effects

  • E.g. German invasion into Belgium in 1914 led to reports of the atrocities being faced there which increased anti-German feeling amongst American people.
  • America had cultural similarities with Great Britain and shared a language. British propaganda to show German atrocities was more successful than German efforts in gaining American support.
  • USA traded more with the allies than the Central Powers. 1914 USA exported $40 million in munitions to Britain and by 1916 this was $1290 million.
  • Britain intercepted the Zimmerman telegraph where Germany offered to support Mexico in regaining the states of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. This threatened America close to home.
  • People started to worry about the defence of American citizens after the sinking of ships such as the Lusitania in Feb 1915. Over 1100 passengers and crew were killed (128 American citizens) Germany insisted it was a valid war target as it was carrying munitions, an allegation denied by Britain.

Overall summary

In conclusion, show the inter-relationship of the reasons given. You might explain how the defence of the American citizens was the most important factor because of the threat from Mexico and Germany to trade and security.

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