B1
- Created by: MariamButt
- Created on: 10-05-16 18:56
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- You and your genes
- What genes are and how they work
- Genes carry the instructions that control how you develop and function. They do this by telling the cells to make the proteins needed for your body to work.
- Functional proteins enable the body to function.
- Structural proteins give the body structure, rigidity and strength.
- How genes and chromosomes are organised
- At fertilisation, an egg and sperm join together to produce a zygote.
- Pairs of alleles
- If the two alleles of a gene are identical, the person is said to be homozygous
- If the two alleles of a gene are identical, the person is said to be heterozygous.
- Genetic testing
- Genetic screening is used to check for a particular disorder, even when there is no history of it in the family.
- Genetic testing of individuals is carried out when a genetic disease, such as cystic fibrosis, runs in the family.
- Embryo screening is used to investigate families with a known history of a disorder, such as cystic fibrosis.
- Cloning
- The disadvantage of producing clones is that there could be no genetic variation. This means that if conditions change or there is disease, the population could be wiped out.
- The advantage of clones are that: successful characteristics are seen in offspring. Asexual reproduction is useful where plants and animals live in isolation.
- Stem cells
- Embryonic stem cells are unspecialised.
- Adult stem cells are specialised.
- What genes are and how they work
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