Rapid Urbanisation, Counter-Urbanisation & Re-Urbanisation Case Studies
- Created by: The Shrew
- Created on: 14-05-15 10:52
View mindmap
- World Cities Urbanisation Case Studies
- RAPID URBANIZAT-ION, MUMBAI
- Megacity on the West coast of India
- It is a major port - 'Gateway to India'
- India's financial and cultural centre, home to Bollywood.
- One of the fastest growing populations in the world - 5 million in 1970, 25 million in 2015.
- PUSH FACTORS
- ECONOMIC
- The 'Green Revolution', a government programme to improve agriculture reduced work mechanisati-on of agriculture
- Small farms can't compete, so have to sell.
- Land is unsustainab-le malnutrition
- SOCIAL
- Education and health standards are lower
- Fewer job prospects
- ECONOMIC
- PULL FACTORS
- ECONOMIC
- TNCs have bought industry - much higher pay than farmwork
- UN has invested in Mumbai - quality of living is better
- SOCIAL
- Good schools and unis
- Sewage disposal, electricity and water
- Family and Friends
- Better quality of living
- 'Housing Elite' live close to the CBD.
- BUT about 700,000 people live rough, mainly migrants who are poor
- 'Housing Elite' live close to the CBD.
- ECONOMIC
- DHARAVI - 'THE BIGGEST SLUM IN ASIA'
- Home to over 600,000 people spread over 2km2.
- vast range of businesses that generate over $40m per year
- Outbreak of disease is common - malaria and dengue fever
- High infant mortality rate 40/1000
- More waste due to population increase 25% of deaths in Chamba between 2007-08 were caused by respiratory problems
- MANAGEM-ENT
- 2004 - Redevelopm-ent project announced by the government to clear the slum and create a new independent township. New water system, hospitals and schools
- X - residents against as they had already established successful businesses. Destroy livelehoods and community feel.
- 1995 - Slum Sanitation Project - started by NGOs. Built 330 communal toilets
- Rainwater Harvesting Systems - created by the local authorites to try and reduce demand for water.
- Compulsory on all new residential buildings on plots larger than 300m2.
- X - since 2007 only half of eligable buildings actually installed it
- Compulsory on all new residential buildings on plots larger than 300m2.
- Alternative Vehicles - scooters/mopeds, helps reduce congestion. BUT adds to poor air quality.
- Upgraded Public Transport System - METROSY-STEM. over 140km of new rail. Not completed until 2021.
- 2004 - Redevelopm-ent project announced by the government to clear the slum and create a new independent township. New water system, hospitals and schools
- SUBURBAN-ISATION, SURBITON, LONDON
- South West London in the borough of Kingston-upon-Thames
- Population increased from 141,000 in 1971 to 160,000 in 2011 as a result of suburbanisat-ion from the centre of London.
- Transport links to the centre of London = popular wiith commutors
- Fastest train reaches London Waterloo in 18 minutes. Also to the A3.
- Good quality housing
- Wealthy area with good shops and restaurants
- Good state schools and parks, so popular with families.
- PROBLEMS
- 70% of households have at least one car - congestion
- In London Travel Zone 6 - fares into Central London are expensive so many commuters chose to drve
- 40% of Surbiton's working populations drive to work
- House prices are high - average selling price in April 2012 was £406,000 - UK average was £226,000
- Makes it harder for people of lower incomes to move to the area - ECONOMIC SEGREGATION
- MANAGEM-ENT STRATEGI-ES
- 2009 - 'Improveme-nt Strategy For Surbition Town Centre' launched. proposed widening roads, new access to the train station, set delivery times to combat congestion.
- Pedestrian access improved
- Campaign to re-list Surbiton as a London Travel Zone 5, making tube prices cheaper, encouraging tube use
- Surbiton Neighbourh-ood Comittee set up to involve local residents in local decision making
- COUNTER-URBANIZAT-ION, ST IVES, CAMBRIDGE
- 70 miles North of London.
- 1961 it's population was 3,800 by 2012 it had reached 16,400
- Good access to rail links to Cambridge and London, 1/4 of the working population commute to London each day.
- IMPACTS
- Traffic is a problem, especially on the A14, the main commuter route from St. Ives to Cambridge
- Average price of detached house rose from £130,000 to £291,000 between 2000 and 2010
- Housing demand has meant that property is built on the floodplain of the River Ouse - history of flood problems - 1000 properties at risk
- More shops and services in town - more competition
- Changing population structure due to movement of families. More under 16 than over 65 - pressure on schools
- MANAGEM-ENT STRATEGIES
- Plans to expand primary schools to make 240 new places avaliable
- 2007 - Flood protection works completed along the River Ouse costing £8.8 million - new embankments and flood walls
- £116 million guided bus way from St Ives to Huntington to Cambridge - reduce congestion
- 200 new homes to be built, 75 affordable housing
- New train station at Cambridge - quicker travel time to London, reduces number of commuters that use Huntington station
- RAPID URBANIZAT-ION, MUMBAI
Comments
No comments have yet been made