Witness-Related Variables
- Created by: poppy24463
- Created on: 14-05-20 11:36
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- Witness-Related Variables
- Stress
- Impairs memory (more errors) (valentine & mesout, 2009)
- consider incident type and individual differences (empathy, impact of stress)
- Impairs memory (more errors) (valentine & mesout, 2009)
- Age
- children provide less detail (pipe et al., 2004) and not accurate descriptions (possulo, 2007)
- elderly provide unreliable statements due to vision, hearing or memory impairment (ceci et al., 2007)
- low self credibility
- Alcohol
- Mixed Findings
- May impair peripheral detail recall
- Intellectual Disabilities
- generally viewed as unreliable
- been shown to provide accurate info during free recall (agnes and powell, 2004)
- Bias
- inclination towards one judgement rather than other (almond et al., 2008)
- unconscious, can impact decisions
- belief persistance
- once reached conclusion, interpret in light of beliefs
- cognitive bias
- find evidence of what we think happened and ignore contradiction
- more effect in high cognitive load
- find evidence of what we think happened and ignore contradiction
- interviewer bias
- to cope with amount of info processing, brains make shortcuts
- not conscious effort
- interpret info in light of own beliefs/ preferences
- receptive to consistent and ignore contradiction (gudjanneson, 1992)
- kassin - officers use more coersive tactics when thought guilty
- to cope with amount of info processing, brains make shortcuts
- interviewee bias
- may be influenced by police, media, co-witness
- witness may establish theory of what think happened
- may be influenced by police, media, co-witness
- schema theory
- use prior experience to guide peception, understanding and remembering of new info (brewer and treyers, 1981)
- schema-consistent knowledge used to fill gaps, sometimes erroneously (holst and treyers, 1981)
- use prior experience to guide peception, understanding and remembering of new info (brewer and treyers, 1981)
- inclination towards one judgement rather than other (almond et al., 2008)
- Stress
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