William Labov

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  • William Labov
    • New York Study
      • >Interviewed people within New York department stores to research correlation between class and 'elite' pronunciation
      • >Found that lower classes would pronounce  vernacular 'r'  or sometimes wouldn't at all
      • >Also found that, within any class, female vernacular is less likely than male
    • Martha's Vineyard Study
      • >Interviewed a small native population and a small tourist population on a US island
      • >Found that within locals (especially fishermen and 30-45 year-old's) accent was becoming more accentuated
      • >Fishermen were becoming subconsciously more accentuated to show their identity as part of the island community
      • >30-45 year-old's mimicked the fishermen's behaviour to secure the idea of their island community, also done subconsciously
    • Definition of Class
      • >Defined 9 levels of class based upon education, occupation and income
      • >Classes 1-5 were working class
      • >Classes 6-8 were middle class

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