Why did the Qing Dynasty collaspe
- Created by: HannahRayner
- Created on: 04-04-14 10:36
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- Why did the Qing Dynasty collapse?
- Failures of reforms and leaders
- Manchu government introduced '100 Days' reform based on western models
- Major modifications of the civil service Extensive industrial reorganisations Innovations in education
- Empress Cixi and the reactionaries took over the government and reformers were executed or imprisoned
- The failure of the '100 Days' refom revealed the lack of cohesion among the reformers and the strength of conservatism in Chinese poltics
- The boxer uprising 1900 - 1901
- Cixi used national feelings to launch a nationwide campaign against 'foreign devils'
- She gave her blessing to the Boxers, anti western secret societies
- The western nations had little trouble crushing the boxers,
- Humiliating China , little sympathy for imperial court incapable of leading people to liberation
- Severe penalties: China had to pay $450 million the west, Arsenals and fortifications were destroyed, foreign troops were stationed permanently in Beijing
- Cixi used national feelings to launch a nationwide campaign against 'foreign devils'
- Further Manchu attempts at reform
- Decided to create proivincial assemblies and ending the Confucian exam for civil-service servants
- These were to rally support for the imperial government but were seen as unconvincing
- Meant an increase in taxation
- Decided to create proivincial assemblies and ending the Confucian exam for civil-service servants
- The railways
- Aroused anti-Manchu feeling
- Between 1895 - 1911, boom in railway construction and attracted international investment
- Promised to bring prosperity of most regions of China
- The Manchus wanted to nationalize the railways so the provinces wouldn't have financial and political independence
- To raise capital for this programme, the government increased taxes and negotiated loans from the west.
- This meant the China increase their dependence on the west and increased humiliation
- To raise capital for this programme, the government increased taxes and negotiated loans from the west.
- Manchu government introduced '100 Days' reform based on western models
- Impact of Foreign involvement
- Resentment of foreign interference became acute after 1900
- The failure of the boxer rebellion intensified nationalist hatred of foreigners and concessions grew in number
- There were potests against Russian activity in Mongolia and Manchuria and against the importation of American goods
- Trigger of the revolution was the raising of foreign loans to nationalize the railways and the extension of foreign control of railway building
- This meant the China increase their dependence on the west and increased humiliation
- Growth of nationalist/ revolutionary movements
- After Boxer rebellion, there were increased nationalist feelings
- Many looked to Sun Yat Sen and the republican movement
- His belief was that China could net modernize unless It became a republic
- Wanted to regenerate their nation by removing foreign control and reasserting China's independence
- Many plotted the down fall of the Qing and the membership grew to 10,000 by 1911
- The practice of student going abroad led to the growth of western ideas which threatened the stability of the dynasty
- The Qing were out of touch with China's growing nationalism and authoritarian tradition made it incapable of responding to their demands
- Failures of reforms and leaders
- Manchu government introduced '100 Days' reform based on western models
- Major modifications of the civil service Extensive industrial reorganisations Innovations in education
- Empress Cixi and the reactionaries took over the government and reformers were executed or imprisoned
- The failure of the '100 Days' refom revealed the lack of cohesion among the reformers and the strength of conservatism in Chinese poltics
- The boxer uprising 1900 - 1901
- Cixi used national feelings to launch a nationwide campaign against 'foreign devils'
- She gave her blessing to the Boxers, anti western secret societies
- The western nations had little trouble crushing the boxers,
- Humiliating China , little sympathy for imperial court incapable of leading people to liberation
- Severe penalties: China had to pay $450 million the west, Arsenals and fortifications were destroyed, foreign troops were stationed permanently in Beijing
- Cixi used national feelings to launch a nationwide campaign against 'foreign devils'
- Further Manchu attempts at reform
- Decided to create proivincial assemblies and ending the Confucian exam for civil-service servants
- These were to rally support for the imperial government but were seen as unconvincing
- Meant an increase in taxation
- Decided to create proivincial assemblies and ending the Confucian exam for civil-service servants
- The railways
- Aroused anti-Manchu feeling
- Between 1895 - 1911, boom in railway construction and attracted international investment
- Promised to bring prosperity of most regions of China
- The Manchus wanted to nationalize the railways so the provinces wouldn't have financial and political independence
- To raise capital for this programme, the government increased taxes and negotiated loans from the west.
- To raise capital for this programme, the government increased taxes and negotiated loans from the west.
- Manchu government introduced '100 Days' reform based on western models
- Failures of reforms and leaders
- Financial Crisis
- Growing burden of taxation of imposed in the years after the boxer uprising
- The Qing reform programme caused massive budget deficits
- Taxes on land and taxes on essentials like tea and salt
- The reliance on foreign loans led to a nationalist backlash in the Wuhan uprising
- Failures of reforms and leaders
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