Why did detente end and the 3rd Cold War begin?
- Created by: Sadie Kempner
- Created on: 28-05-14 08:18
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- Why did detente end and the 3rd Cold war begin?
- Problems and Changes in the US
- Carter
- Demanded U**R improve Human Rights (Basket 3 Helsinki) --> inflamed tension
- Perceived as being weak and more "moral" than political
- Indecisive - split between hardline Brezinski and dovish Vance
- Wanted full disarmament but politically impossible
- SALT II received growing criticism
- Carter weak during US Embassy hostage crisis in Iran
- Carter
- Problems in the U**R
- Unbalanced economy drained by military expenditure
- Brezhnev suffered poor health from mid-70s -> each memeber of the politburo began working for their own interests when Brez began to lose control -- power vacuum and fragment ation
- Poor living standards -- dwindling support for Communism - Rise of political dissidence
- Rise of political dissidence
- Czech - Charter '77 led by Vaclev Havel
- Poland - Solidarity led by Lech Walesa
- U**R - leading figures Sakahrov, Sharansky
- Breakdown of Detente Agreements
- 1975 - Vladivostock Summit - Ford and Brez. agree "marginal cuts"
- SALT II = an "arms control mouse" - full of contradictions and ineffective
- 1976 - Vance's proposals of significant cuts were flatly rejected by Soviets -- committed to MAD and current deals
- Sovets deployed **-20s (MRBMs) in Europe -- seemed to intensify the arms race
- US critics of detente said it allowed U**R to make gains (i) to pause arms race and catch up (ii) the U**R couldn't be trusted
- Human Rights described as "timebomb at the heart of the Soviet Empire" - by promising them, they encourage demands which will ultimately lead to its overthrow
- World Events
- Soviet influence in the 3rd world e.g. Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia - used by neo-cons to prove Soviet expansionism
- U**R violation of Hum Rights troubled many in American Government
- 1979 Islamic militants occupied US Embassy in Tehran and held US diplomats and their familites hostage - not released until 1981
- Symbolised US' growing impotence in international relations
- **Soviet Invsion of Afghanistan**
- Problems and Changes in the US
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