Why do places change?

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  • Why do places change?
    • Physical factors
      • Sea level rise and climate change is threatening the livelihood of agricultural workers due to rapid coastal erosion
      • Towns like Shrewsbury are facing more frequent floods so have to invest in flood defences
      • Climate change is beginning to shape policy, architecture and land use decisions
        • Increasingly, farmland is being used to create large solar farms
      • Greenwich Millenium Village in south east London uses innovative design, prioritises public transport and has space for an ecology park
      • Flood defences in Blackpool have created more open space for tourist attractions and better acce** to the beach
    • Acce**ibility and connectedne-**
      • Development of motorway and rail networks has changed the importance of different towns around the UK
      • Former major railway towns such as Crewe have declined since the development of motorways in the 1960s
      • Increasing popularity of villages in E**ex and Kent for people who can't afford to live in London
        • London's Thames Gateway redevelopme-nt has expanded eastwards
        • Completion of the High Speed 1 railway line between London and the south coast
      • The government wants to develop a Garden City of brownfield land in Ebbsfleet Valley because of rail connections to London
      • Improved transport infrastructure has increased migration
      • Regional airports e.g. Newcastle has allowed immigration from Eastern Europe
        • Reinforces 'bridgeheader' communities established in the 2000s
      • 2/3 of the UK now has acce** to fibre optic broadband
      • The government has provided £530 million of funding for Broadband Delivery UK to extend broadband into rural areas
        • Then upgrade to superfast fibre broadband
    • Historical development
      • Totnes has introduced the 'Transition Town' project to protect its local culture
        • Grew as a bridging point on the banks of the River Dart
        • The Totnes pound has allowed local busine**es along the Buttermilk Way to thrive
        • St Mary's church and Totnes castle are cultural attractions
    • Local and national planning
      • There has been a shortage of housing
      • The 2010 National Infrastructure Plan designated towns like Bicester as new 'garden cities'
        • Up to 13,000 new homes and a railway station
        • A retail outlet on the edge of the town called Bicester village has already been expanded
      • Rural villages can be absorbed by expanding urban areas
        • Milton Keynes has absorbed towns and villages like Middleton and Stony Stratford
      • The government is contemplating building an east-west rail link between Cambridge and Oxford
        • This would cause increasing house prices and congestion in Bedfordshire and North Buckingham-shire (increased desirability)
    • Other factors
      • Globalisation has caused global shift
      • Deindustrialisation e.g. shutting of Goodyear in Wolverhampton in 2015
      • Migration

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