Why did the War last so Long? - Tyrone's Rebellion

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  • WHY DID THE WAR LAST SO LONG?
    • IRISH STRENGTH AND BATTLE TACTICS
      • 7k men at BATTLE OF KINSALE
      • English were in the midst of poor harvests, famine, disease and the outbreak of the plague
        • Local governments had to bear the brunt of poor relief as well as war payments in ENG.
          • IRE WERE IN A MUCH BETTER POSITION
      • Irish use guerrilla warfare and preferred ambushes and sieges to open battle
      • Irish had longer to prepare due to  ENG logistical difficulties
    • ENGLISH FINANCIAL WEAKNESS
      • £300,000 per annum to spend on war
        • £100,00 to keep Netherlands  campaign going
        • 1597: Liz had spent a further £300,000 in Ulster
          • costs had to be paid by English parliament and taxpayers
            • County taxpayers bear the brunt of the expense
              • KENT: 56 CAVALRY AND 600 FOOTMEN (1595-1602) and it  costs £3,324
              • MIDDLESEX refused to pay expenditure for weapons and men
            • Government increases taxes to meet the demands
    • TYRONE
      • wanted to have control of Ulster
      • retreated to Ulster after KINSALE
      • February 1603: Negotiations are opened with the ENG
        • Given the title of Chief Lord of Ulster (under ENG crown)
      • re-organised the Ulster economy to pay for the war
        • £80,000 per annum (£500 a day)
    • SPAIN
      • January 1601: Spain sends troops believing Munster rebellion is still in full force
        • May 1601: Spanish arrive and are cut off at Kinsale
          • January 1602: Remaining SPA surrender to ENG
      • Mountjoy worried the Munster rebellion would reignite with their presence
      • Tyrone needed the additional forces to win a much needed victory
        • SPA and IRE plan an attack on the English (caught between them)
          • 24th December, English ambush first = BATTLE OF KINSALE
            • SPA do not fight, as they were waiting for IRE to arrive at pre-arranged meeting point.
      • Highly trained with siege guns and troops
      • DUNBOY CASTLE held in the name of the Spanish King, was thought to be reinforced with SPA. gold and weapons
    • ENGLISH MILITARY WEAKNESS
      • IRE was the biggest campaign
        • could never send all troops at once before 1600
          • 1594-1602: 30,592 soldiers sent from 36 countries in groups of 1k to 6.3k
      • troops were untrained and undisciplined, some Irish even fought for the ENG
        • England had more resources than IRE, but were ill-equipp due to lack of money
      • Had to begin sending troops from the TRAINED BANDS, who were actually trained in defense of ENG.
      • IRE worried the ENG troops who saw it as a foriegn and dangerous
        • Near mutiny of Kentish cavalry at Chester, about to be sent to Ireland
      • War effort found problems moving horses and men to Ireland quickly

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