Why did the Kingdom of Songhay rise?
- Created by: NoahRobinson
- Created on: 13-09-20 16:40
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- Why did the Kingdom of Songhay rise?
- the collapse of the Kingdom of Mali
- Green: "tyranny, high handedness and...violation of people's rights...fostered internal divisions"
- 1337 - death of Mansa Musa - this created a sucession crisis (hegemonic conflict, lack of laws about what should follow the death of a king)
- 1325 - Mansa Maghan allowed two hostage Gao princes to escape
- Songhay had been a province of Mali- the Gao princes were able to start the Kingdom of Songhay
- leadership of Sonni Ali
- 1464 - comes to power and introduces an expansionist policy
- leads military campaigns against the Mossi and Turaegl
- 1433-4 - the Turaeg seize Timbuktu
- pushed the Turaeg back into the Northern Sahel
- 1472 - captures Djenne after 7 years, 7 months and 7 days, Mali failed 99 times
- used as a diplomatic hub
- secures the position of the kingdom
- reduces the threats from bordering and client states
- Al-Sa'di: "a man of great strength"
- legal, cultural and adminstrative strengths
- Al-Maghili: "worship[ed] idols...[sought] help from magicians", observed Ramadan and the five prayers
- 8 regions, independent but recognised the authority of Sonni Ali- established residencies in Kukya, Kabara and Dirma
- prevents rebellion
- loyal provincial governors/Farmas
- prevents rebellion
- retained traditional Anamist roots and practises
- prevents the superiority of one religion, comprise between converting and retaining tradition
- allows client states some level of independence to keep peace
- military successes
- Tarikh al-Sudan: "his armies were never defeated"
- a process of modernisation begins introducing the roles of the rabb al-tariq and baray-koi
- range of equipment
- pre-1591 - threw captured Moroccan muskets into the Niger River
- development of organisation, ability to defend from threats
- geography
- Green: the Niger River formed a "vital artery" of the kingdom
- 200BC - the Sahara desert dries out, connection to Trans-Saharan trade
- c10 - Songhay horsemen settled near the Niger River
- eastern Songhay and Mossi offered the best conditions for horse breeding anywhere south of the Sahara
- Gomez: Gao was "West Africa's starting point"
- utilised the assets of the Niger River- natural defense, capitlised on the potential of the river
- 1472 - siege of Djenne
- Sonni Ali's predecessors
- Sonni Mohammed Da'o led an expedition incorporating tributary people like the Bambara and the Fula, attacking Mali
- the Songhay people merged culture with Berbers through intermarriage
- c1460 - Sonni Suleyman Dama, destoryed Mema, a Mali province
- lays the foundations of the kingdom, prevents conflict and secures peace, westward expansion
- increases the authority and strength of the kingdom
- begins to weaken Mali
- recognised at the titleholders of Gao
- the collapse of the Kingdom of Mali
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