NHS Mindmap
- Created by: tomtom11
- Created on: 14-05-16 09:30
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- Why, and with what impact, was the National Health Service created in 1948?
- Reasons it had to happen
- During their medical inspection for WWI, 41% of men were rated unfit for combat roles in their medical inspection.
- 10% of men were rated unusable in any military capacity.
- Ministry of Health set up in 1919
- lacked statutory authority and political will required to change the system.
- 1926- Royal Commission issued that stated the government should either scrap or reform the health insurance system. The Tory government did nothing.
- Prudential dealth with 75% of health insurance.
- Friendly Societies, set up to help the poor afford basic medical treatment, handled the rest.
- Some friendly societies were so small they went bankrupt and left their members with nothing.
- Friendly Societies, set up to help the poor afford basic medical treatment, handled the rest.
- The 1911 National Insurance Act left many wives, widows, and children reliant on family, community, or a sympathetic GP.
- In 1948, when the NHS was created, doctors found untreated hernias, skins diseases, tootache, dental abscesses and rotting teeth due to the expense of health and dental care.
- Hospital provision was bad- there were only 12 voluntary (funded by charity) hospitals in London, and 10 in the provinces.
- Usually over-crowded by the chronically ill and elderly.
- 1929 Local Government Act allowed PACs to take over and develop workhouses into proper hospitals.
- Due to no fixed time limit, uptake was slow outside of London.
- A shortage of beds, buildings, equiptment, and trained consultants were a problem in 1938.
- During their medical inspection for WWI, 41% of men were rated unfit for combat roles in their medical inspection.
- WWII
- National bloody transfusion established in '38 (near hospitals but far away from bombing) continued after 1946 after the National Blood Transfusion Service.
- Emergency Medical Service set up in '39 to treat military personnel and (eventually) civilian casualties.
- National funding led to an impressive growth in the number of beds, operating theatres and specialist treatments available.
- The health of the average Briton improved during WWII
- 1944- White Paper- 'A National Health Service', heavily influenced National Health Service Act ('46)
- Post-war: it's impact.
- The '46 Act made it much more centralised.
- Impact of doctor's attitude = they had extra money for each private client they got.
- Deaths of TB fell from 25,000 to 5,000 per year. Huge drop in polio and diphtheria in the mid-50s
- Maternal death in childbirth fell from one per 1,000 births in 1949, to 0.18 in '70.
- Life expectancy increased from 66 to 70 between '50 and '79 (for men) and from 71 to 75 (for women) in the same period.
- Range of old-age diseases increased.
- Heart disease and cancer increased through the '50s and '60s before dipping in the '70s due to better diets.
- Range of old-age diseases increased.
- NHS cost 4.1% of GNP in '50, and had increase to 4.8% by '70.
- Dandruff syndrome was a main cause. Additionally, advances in medical science became the norm, and thus more was paid as the norm. Finally, there was a backlog of cases from 1948.
- Many medical advances made.
- 1st Kidney transplant in '60. Demand quickly outstripped supply, and kidney failures reached 2% of the NHS budget in the '70s.
- Intro of the contraceptive pill in '61- use increased from 100,000 to over 1m between '62-'69.
- CT scan invented in '72, and became standard and eventually gave rise to increased costs.
- Reasons it had to happen
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