B1 - Mindmap in GCSE Applied Science

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Created by: Studytimetable
Created on: 07-03-15 11:54

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What genes do
- What is a gene
  - The basic units of genetic material inherited from our parents. A gene is a section of DNA which controls part of a cell's chemistry - particularly protein production.
  - A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein. It is the unit of heredity, and may be copied and passed on to the next generation.
- The nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes, which carry genetic information in a long molecule called DNA. Genes are regions of DNA that carry the code to control a particular cell activity or the production of a particular protein.
- Genes carry the instructions that control how you develop and function.
  - They do this by telling the cells to make proteins needed for your body to work
- Each gene is a section of a long molecule of a chemical called DNA
  - Length of DNA are coiled and packed into structures called chromosomes . These are found in the nuclei of the body's cells.
    - We have between 20,000 and 25 000 genes on our chromosomes
      - Strands of DNA are made up of four chemical bases as well as phosphate groups and sugar molecules
        the order of bases in a DNA strand determines the order of amino acids in a protein
        Proteins fall into two groups;
        Functional proteins
        enable the body to function, examples include;
        ENZYMES
        
        ANTIBODIES
        
        HORMONES
        
        Structural Proteins
        give the body structure, rigidity and strength examples include;
        COLLAGEN
        in ligaments
        
        KERATIN
        in skin