What is social inequality and how can it be measured?
- Created by: EmilyM17
- Created on: 26-05-19 16:08
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- The distribution of resources, wealth and opportunities are not evenly spread within and between places
- What is social inequality?
- Quality of Life
- the extent to which people's needs and desires are met. Equal dignity and rights? Reasonable access to healthcare and education?
- Factors determining quality of life and standard of living.
- Income
- Higher incomes= greater choice of housing education and diet.
- However, longer hours of work and migration away from family and friends can lead to a higher income and standard of living but low quality of life
- Higher incomes= greater choice of housing education and diet.
- Wealth
- However, longer hours of work and migration away from family and friends can lead to a higher income and standard of living but low quality of life
- Standard of Living
- the ability to access services and goods this includes basics such as food and water, clothes, housing and personal mobility
- Social
- Incidence of crime
- % on free school meals
- Access to health facilities
- Physical
- Quality of houseing
- Incidence of litter
- Graffiti
- Economic
- Wealth
- Income
- Higher incomes= greater choice of housing education and diet.
- Higher incomes= greater choice of housing education and diet.
- Access to employment
- Wealth
- Political
- Opportunities to participate in community life and influence decisions
- Income
- Standard of Living
- the ability to access services and goods this includes basics such as food and water, clothes, housing and personal mobility
- Quality of Life
- Deprivation
- Quality of life and standard of living are low. Deprivation is more than just poverty- refers to a general lack of resources and opportunities
- Cycle of deprivation
- POVERTY- low wages or unemployment
- POOR LIVING CONDITIONS- poor accommodation, overcrowding, run-down area
- ILL-HEALTH- stress and strain
- POOR EDUCATION- old schools
- POOR SKILLS- poor occupational skills
- POOR EDUCATION- old schools
- ILL-HEALTH- stress and strain
- POOR SKILLS- poor occupational skills
- POOR LIVING CONDITIONS- poor accommodation, overcrowding, run-down area
- POVERTY- low wages or unemployment
- Cycle of deprivation
- Index of multiple deprivation
- used to access relative levels of deprivation
- Quality of life and standard of living are low. Deprivation is more than just poverty- refers to a general lack of resources and opportunities
- Measuring social inequality
- Income
- Absolute poverty= US$1.25/day PPP, below this level a person cannot afford to purchase the minimum amount of food and essentials
- Relative poverty= relates the level of poverty to the distribution of income across the whole population
- Gini-coefficient= a technique that can be used to measure levels of income inequality within countries. Value of 1.0= all income in a country was in the hands of one person. value of 0= everyone has equal income
- Housing
- Being able to afford adequate housing
- Housing tenure- owner-occupiers own their house outright in ACs this is achieved through a mortgage.
- Education
- Acquisition of skills can be underestimated if only formal qualifications are measured.
- Literacy levels give an indication of inequality in education
- Healthcare
- Association between poverty and ill health is very strong
- Number of doctors per 1000 people
- Access to clean water, sanitation, quality and quantity of diet, type of housing and air quality have a significant influence on health
- Social behaviour and lifestyle- attitudes towards vaccinations and alcohol
- Employment
- Whether a household has someone who is in receipt of a regular income has an effect on standard of life and quality of living
- Sometimes measuring unemployment is complicated, in LICS and EDCs people work in the informal sector of the economy
- Income
- What is social inequality?
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