Golden Years - Germany 1924-29
Mind map for Unit 5 the Golden (Stresemann) years of the Weimar Republic. Looking at society, economy culture and politics
- Created by: JMitch
- Created on: 27-05-13 10:21
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- Were the mid-late1920s the Golden Years in Germany?
- Political Stability?
- May 1924 Election
- Swing to the right - DNVP = 19.5% and Nazis = 6.5%
- SPD loose support - only 20.5%
- December 1924 Election
- SPD slight revival - upto 26%
- DNVP stay at around 20% and Nazis drop to only 3%
- SPD obstructed governments being excluded and were infighting over whether they should work with Bourgosie Parties
- Grand Coalition 1928 was a broad base of Socialists, Centre, DVP and DDP
- June 1928 Election
- SPD win 30% and DNVP drop to 14%
- Polarisation becoming a major issue to form stable governments
- Collapse - Unemployment up to 3 million by 1928 - couldn't pay for Unemployment insurance
- SPD wanted higher employer contributions
- DVP wanted a benefit cut
- June 1928 Election
- Election of President Hindenburg - 1925
- Was anti-Republican and favoured Right Wing parties
- Forced inclusion of DNVP in governments - caused instability
- Made it clear his hatred of SPD
- Restricted reform to Presidential Powers (Article 48)
- Was anti-Republican and favoured Right Wing parties
- Political violence of the early 1920s had ended
- 3 or 4 Party Coalitions stopped formation of any stable governments
- June 1928 Election
- SPD win 30% and DNVP drop to 14%
- Polarisation becoming a major issue to form stable governments
- May 1924 Election
- Economic Recovery
- 1923 - Stresemann set up a new currency (Rentenmark) and balanced books, sacking 700,000 workers
- This laid the foundation for the Dawes Plan
- 25.5 billion mark investment from USA in German industry
- Relative stagnated growth
- Unemployment high - 3 million in 1928
- Low Interest meant business could upgrade machinery (needed smaller workforce)
- Unemployment high - 3 million in 1928
- National income 12% higher in 1928 than 1913
- Exports up 50%
- Rural poverty due to food price collapse in 1922
- Poor industrial relations - wages kept high
- Arbitration cases and Employer/Union tensions represent political divisions
- 1923 - Stresemann set up a new currency (Rentenmark) and balanced books, sacking 700,000 workers
- Society
- Arbitration cases and Employer/Union tensions represent political divisions
- Wlefare enshrined in constitution
- Unemployment insurance set up in 1927
- 33 times more spending on housing - 300,000 built 1927-30
- Issues over second workers form Women
- Number of female white collar workers doubled by 1925
- Doppeldervieners able to be sacked from civil service 1932 +
- Culture
- Neue Sachlichkiet
- Bauhaus Movement, combining technology with art
- Speaking out against republic
- Serialism
- Traditional Culture
- Escapism, glorifying WW1
- Grimm Fairy Tales sales doubled
- Mainly anti-republican
- Division represent society at the time
- Liberal and sleezey culture of Berlin doesn't show stability - most opposed this
- Neue Sachlichkiet
- Foreign Policy
- Dawes Plan
- Reparations only 1 Billion marks a year until 1929 when 2.5
- USA loans to help cover payments
- Investment into German Industry
- 25.5 billion mark investment from USA in German industry
- France to withdraw from the Ruhr
- Young Plan
- Revision to payments, avoiding higher payments
- 1700 million marks for 3 years then 2 million for 56 years
- Total liability reduced to £1.8 billion
- French to leave Rhineland early
- Freedom Laws
- Anti Republicans opposed length of German liability and acceptance of War guilt
- Wanted removal of war guilt clause - called a referendum
- Only 14% supported the,m, but this was still around 6 million opponents
- Political Stability?
- May 1924 Election
- Swing to the right - DNVP = 19.5% and Nazis = 6.5%
- SPD loose support - only 20.5%
- December 1924 Election
- SPD slight revival - upto 26%
- DNVP stay at around 20% and Nazis drop to only 3%
- SPD obstructed governments being excluded and were infighting over whether they should work with Bourgosie Parties
- Grand Coalition 1928 was a broad base of Socialists, Centre, DVP and DDP
- Collapse - Unemployment up to 3 million by 1928 - couldn't pay for Unemployment insurance
- SPD wanted higher employer contributions
- DVP wanted a benefit cut
- Collapse - Unemployment up to 3 million by 1928 - couldn't pay for Unemployment insurance
- Election of President Hindenburg - 1925
- Was anti-Republican and favoured Right Wing parties
- Forced inclusion of DNVP in governments - caused instability
- Made it clear his hatred of SPD
- Restricted reform to Presidential Powers (Article 48)
- Was anti-Republican and favoured Right Wing parties
- Political violence of the early 1920s had ended
- 3 or 4 Party Coalitions stopped formation of any stable governments
- May 1924 Election
- Locarno Treaties
- Secured Germany's western borders
- Insured France would not annex the Ruhr or Rhineland
- Signaled better trust from the Allies
- Relied on support from SPD because DNVP refused to support them
- League of Nations
- Germany made permant members of League - improved French relations but people disliked fulfillment of Versaille
- Dawes Plan
- Political Stability?
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