TofV History
- Created by: sammylc54r
- Created on: 12-04-17 07:40
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- Were the Treaties of 1919-1923 Fair?
- Could the Treaties be Justified at the Time?
- Yes
- Brest-Litovsk
- Harsher treaty on Russia
- Lost 32% of arable land
- 54% of industry - 300 mil gold roubles
- Harsher treaty on Russia
- Self-determination
- 14 pts - Czech/Poland/Yugoslavia
- Armistice
- Agreed to losses in territory and army
- Self-Inflicted economy crisis
- Kaiser put into debt
- Brest-Litovsk
- No
- Germany thought it would be treated better - 14 pts
- Diktat- G couldn't oppose - wasn't represented at TofV
- War guilt unfair - Not soley to blame
- £66bn would cripple
- Disarmament
- Felt it would leave them vulnerable - no one else disarmed
- Yes
- What Were the Motives and Aims of the Big Three?
- General
- Peace
- Clemenceau : Hit hardest by the war- Time to rebuild
- WW: Make world safe - 14 points
- 8 Million Soldiers dead
- 9 Million Civilians dead
- 112 French Coal Mines destroyed - Alsace Lorraine & Rhineland
- Peace
- Woodrow Wilson
- 14 Points - Introduced 8 Jan 1918
- Not Treat Germany too harshly
- G would want Revenge
- Spread Democracy in defeated nations
- No Dictatorships - Germany & Weimar
- Co-operation between countries
- Stop another war : LofN & 14 Points
- Self Determination
- People of Eastern Europe
- Not Treat Germany too harshly
- 14 Points - Introduced 8 Jan 1918
- Clemenceau
- Punish Germany
- Revenge for Suffering
- 1,697,800 dead - 'Nearly every family lost at least 1 member' - (Keiger)
- Reparations for damage
- £8bn needed - infrastructure, battlefields etc.
- Revenge for Suffering
- Protection
- Germany couldn't attack again
- Bufferzones e.g. Demilitarized Rhineland
- Armed forces - 100,000
- Industry:
- Lose 15% Coal Production
- Lose 15% Arable land
- Lose 50% Iron production
- Split G into smaller states
- Germany couldn't attack again
- Punish Germany
- Lloyd George
- Protect British Interests
- End threat to Navy
- Lost Colonies - East Africa and Togoland to GB
- G had No navy
- End threat to Navy
- Personal- Not treat G too harshly
- Wanted to trade with Germany
- May lead to rise of communism
- Public German Hatred
- 'Squeeze the Lemon until the pips speak'
- Applied for £24bn in reparations
- Protect British Interests
- General
- Impact on Germany up until 1923?
- Shock
- Presented with harsh treaty
- Didn't believe they lost the war
- Still in French territory when armistice was signed
- Positive propaganda, Greeting of soldiers on return
- Didn't believe they lost the war
- Kaiser had been overthrown
- Germans blamed war on Kaiser - Fled in 1918 revolution
- Presented with harsh treaty
- Unrest in Germany
- Popular attitudes
- Angry at German leaders for signing
- Ebert and others 'November criminals
- Thought it would be based on 14 points
- Angry at German leaders for signing
- Popular attitudes
- Military Terms
- Army angry - disarmament
- Many Joined Freikorps
- Dangerous - Karl Leibnich & Rosa Luxemburg murdered
- E.g. Ernst Roehm & Himmler
- Many Joined Freikorps
- Army angry - disarmament
- War Guilt
- Didn't accept- Didn't think they'd lost
- Propaganda in G
- Others weren't disarming
- Scapa Flow- Sink allied ships
- Didn't accept- Didn't think they'd lost
- Shock
- Why Did the Victors Not Get Everything They Wanted?
- Lloyd George
- Forced by Public to be harsh
- Large reparations- Crippled economy (wanted to trade)
- Too harsh even though no colonies or navy
- Forced by Public to be harsh
- Clemenceau
- Wanted a harsher Treaty
- Reparations immediately - Instalments until 1984
- Wanted Saarland (15 yrs LofN mandate) and Rhineland (Demilitarized but part of G)
- Still felt threatened
- Germany full blame - But not split up into states
- Still had army of 100,000
- Wanted a harsher Treaty
- Clauses of TofV -Brat
- War Guilt - article 231 : Full blame
- Reparations
- 'Blank Cheque' - Not a fixed sum
- £6.6bn in 1921 -Paid off in 1984
- German Territories
- Saarland to LofN -15 yrs then Pleb
- Northern Schleswig to Den after Pleb
- West Prussia to Poland - Access to the Seas
- Colonial Empire shared amongst Allies
- Alsace-Lorraine to France
- Germany's Armed Forces
- Navy - 6 battleships
- No armoured vehicles, subs, aircraft
- Army -100,000
- Rhineland demilitarized
- Conscription banned
- Germany not allowed in LofN
- Woodrow Wilson
- Did not install all of 14 points
- Lloyd George resisted -- freedom of seas
- Did not want heavy economic penalties
- Clemenceau -£6.6bn - Revenge for Franco-Prussian war
- Senate did not authorize joining of LofN
- Did not install all of 14 points
- Lloyd George
- The Other Treaties
- Trianon
- Hungary
- Reparations not set - economy weak
- Territory to Romania, Czech & Yugo
- No Relationship w/ Austria
- Army - 30,000
- Hungary
- St Germain
- Austria
- Territory to Yugoslavia & Czech
- Army - 35,000
- Forbidden to join with Hungary
- Reparations not set - Bankrupcy
- Austria
- Sevres
- Ottomans
- Smyrna to Greece
- Army 50,000
- Syria to French Mandate
- Ottomans
- Neuilly
- Bulgaria
- Reparations £90mil
- Army 20,000
- Territory to Greece, Romania and Yugoslavia
- Lost access to Mediterranian
- Bulgaria
- Trianon
- Could the Treaties be Justified at the Time?
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