Key Topic 1: The Weimar Republic 1918-1929
- Created by: RevisingBird
- Created on: 09-04-18 11:32
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- Key Topic 1: The Weimar Republic 1918-29
- How WW1 effected Germany
- Political
- 9th Nov - Social Democrats didn't want extremists to take control so announced Kaiser abdicated
- Kaiser Wilhelm had to leave on November 10th 1918 due to strikes and mutinies
- The soldiers had fought many died and they felt stabbed in the back.
- Germany was run as a military dictatorship and Germany was unstable. German soldiers were coming home angry trying to blame somebody.
- Physical
- Germany was run as a military dictatorship and Germany was unstable. German soldiers were coming home angry trying to blame somebody.
- The Winter of 1916-17 people were starving to a blockade by the British Navy stopped supplies getting in
- Lack of food meant people were vulnerable to disease
- Around 750,000 people died due to hunger and disease
- The Winter of 1916-17 people were starving to a blockade by the British Navy stopped supplies getting in
- 1918 - Germany was producing around half of their milk and 60% of the butter an meat before the war
- Around 750,000 people died due to hunger and disease
- Farming was disrupted because farmers were in armed forces.
- 1918 - Germany was producing around half of their milk and 60% of the butter an meat before the war
- Psychological
- Many German people had lost families and soldiers had injuries and/or shellshock
- War had made Germans angry and they had been happy before
- Political
- Strengths and Weaknesses of the New Democracy
- Uprisings because of the Weimar Republic
- Spartacist Uprising
- 5th Jan - 10th Jan 1919
- Causes
- Spartacists didn't believe Germany would become democratic
- Working class thought they wouldn't have as much power as middle class
- What happened
- The government won so it was a failure
- Kiel Mutiny
- 28th October 1918
- Causes
- Germany's Navy Chief made unpopular decision to fight
- Soldiers didn't want to because they thought war would be over soon
- Germany's Navy Chief made unpopular decision to fight
- 1000 soldiers arrested for mutiny
- Soviet
- Was set up by workers and soldiers
- Many troops who came to stop it ended up joining
- Many soviets set up and the police and army surrendered in many places
- Kaiser Wilhelm forced to abdicate and Fredrich Ebert
- People started to argue about what sort of government to have
- Red Rising in the Ruhr
- Workers in many parts of Germany tried to start a communist revolution
- In Ruhr (industrial area) the Red Army was created and took control of many towns
- Government Free Corps and others sent into rebel areas
- 1000 members died in fight
- Government disbanded Red Army ? some ex members formed squads to continue fighting socialists
- 1921 -23 murder squads killed
- 356 killed (including politicians)
- Kapp Putsch
- March 1920
- 5000 Free Corps marched into Berlin
- Government ran away
- Dr Kapp (extreme Nationalist) became power of the government
- Spartacist Uprising
- Treaty of Versailles
- Germany thought it was going to follow the 14 point peace plan
- They weren't in meetings so they were weakened a lot!
- Germany hated the Treaty of Versailles because:
- Too harsh
- Felt like it was forced
- They felt they hadn't lost the war
- Main Terms
- B: Germany had to accept Blame even though they blame Russia and weren't in meetings.
- R: Germany had to pay reparations at $6.6 billion. Germans felt this starved their children and destroyed economy.
- A: Arms
- Army limited to 100,000 men
- Air force banned
- Navy had 6 battleships and no submarines
- Not allowed troops in Rhineland
- Left Germany powerless against small countries
- T: Germany lost territories and land to Britain and France. France given Saar Coalfield for 15 years. Germany couldn't unite with Austria. Many Germans lost right to be German.
- A: Arms
- R: Germany had to pay reparations at $6.6 billion. Germans felt this starved their children and destroyed economy.
- B: Germany had to accept Blame even though they blame Russia and weren't in meetings.
- Signed June 28th 1919
- Germany thought it was going to follow the 14 point peace plan
- Hyperinflation
- Price goes up due to shortage of goods leading to theft and trading.
- Invasion of the Ruhr
- What happened
- The effects:
- Factory workers
- Paid daily as money lost value quickly
- They shopped for anything to barter
- Pensioners
- Fixed incomes so they couldn't afford a lot
- Farmers
- Wouldn't have been effected greatly as they grew their own food
- Other necessities e.g. clothes would be expensive
- People in debt
- Had to go bank to pay off debt with money they could use for food
- Business owners
- They could buy smaller businesses ? benefitted
- Factory workers
- How far did Germany recover from the crises of 1919-23
- Gustav Streseman was appointed the Chancellor of Germany and was in charge of solving these problems
- How WW1 effected Germany
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