Week 4
- Created by: Shannon
- Created on: 29-03-16 11:42
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- Week 4: Self Esteem
- definition
- Our sense of personal self worth
- Can be an enduring trait and transitory state
- Our sense of personal self worth
- Common Assumptions
- - Low self esteem = crime and violence
- Low self-esteem = self destructive behaviour
- Low self-esteem = poor educational attainment
- Raising self-esteem of vulnerable groups = social vaccine = less social problems
- Raised self-esteem = happy and successful life
- Effective parenting = promoting child's self-esteem
- Influences of Self-esteem
- How we believe people perceive us
- Experiences of social ostracism
- defintion of social ostracism
- Whether you are left out of things / rejected or accepted by peers
- defintion of social ostracism
- Experiences of social ostracism
- Social comparison
- Our values of ourselves through comparison with other peopel
- Downward social comparison
- Comparing ourselves with people who are inferior to us
- Upward social comparison
- Comparing ourselves with people who are superior to us
- Downward social comparison
- Our values of ourselves through comparison with other peopel
- Real VS Ideal self
- How we believe people perceive us
- Different kinds of self-esteem
- Global self-esteem
- Our general evaluation of ourselves
- Our overall sense of self-worth
- Most common measure of Global self-esteem = ROSENBERG SELF-ESTEEM SCALE (On revision sheet)
- GSE increased from adolescence to adulthood (peak at 50) - Orth et al
- Declines in old age
- Low GSE = develop depressive symptoms
- Academic achievement relates more to self control than esteem
- Baumeister
- Academic achievement relates more to self control than esteem
- GSE increased from adolescence to adulthood (peak at 50) - Orth et al
- Most common measure of Global self-esteem = ROSENBERG SELF-ESTEEM SCALE (On revision sheet)
- Our overall sense of self-worth
- Our general evaluation of ourselves
- Domain specific self-eteem
- Our evaluation of specific aspects of ourselves
- Susan Harter 8 domain specific (on revision sheet)
- Our evaluation of specific aspects of ourselves
- Cultural differences (Becker)
- Western (Individualistic)
- Competence and Abilities
- Eastern (Collectivist)
- Social acceptance and close friends
- Western (Individualistic)
- Contingent and Non-contingent self esteem
- The extent to which our sense of worth depends upon - approval of others and meeting particular standards
- Non contingent
- Relatively stable and inner directed sense of self-worth
- Contingent
- Influenced by failure or success in particular domains and opinions of others
- Non contingent
- The extent to which our sense of worth depends upon - approval of others and meeting particular standards
- Explicit and implicit self-esteem
- Explicit
- Conscious, public self-evaluation
- Implicit
- Automatic
- Unconcious self-evaluation
- Liking our own name
- Implicit measure of global self-esteem
- Automatic
- Implicit
- Conscious, public self-evaluation
- Explicit
- Global self-esteem
- Protecting and enhancing self-esteem
- Self-serving atrributes
- Claim credit for our success
- Deny responsibility for our failures
- External attribution
- Lau and Russell (1980) - Attribution in the Sports Pages
- Wins: 80% explanations attributed to internal factors (ability and teamwork)
- Losses: 80% attributed to external factors (weather, cheating)
- Wins: 80% explanations attributed to internal factors (ability and teamwork)
- Internal attribution
- Deny responsibility for our failures
- Claim credit for our success
- Unrealistic optimism
- Assume that future outcomes for oursleves will be better than the present. Bad things are less likely
- Illusory superiority
- Better than average effect = BTAE
- Better than average on positive attributes
- Below average on negative characteristics
- Common in Western cultures
- Below average on negative characteristics
- Better than average on positive attributes
- Sedikides et al: Behind bars but above the bar
- Male prisoners rated themselves as higher than average on pro-social characteristics
- Better than average effect = BTAE
- Positive illusion of our possessions
- The endowment effect
- Positive illusions of our children
- Positive illusions of our romantic partners
- Positive illusions of the groups to which we belong
- Self-serving atrributes
- High self-esteem
- Unrealistic optimism can lead us to engage in risky activities
- Self-serving attrributes
- protect us from the negative effects of failture
- Leads to counter productive behaviour
- External attributions for bad coursework mark can prevent us from learning from our mistakes
- Narcissim
- Very high self-esteem
- Assumption of personal superiority
- Fragile ego
- Contingenet on opinions of others
- High explicit self esteem but low implicit self-esteem
- Highly competitive, Self aggrandizing and self promoting
- Hyper sensitive
- Can react violently to the source of actual or implied insult or disrespect
- Narcisstic rage
- Can react violently to the source of actual or implied insult or disrespect
- Very high self-esteem
- Paul et al (2000) - Hookups
- Girls with higher self-esteem aged 11 are more likely to have sex by age 15 and more sexual partners by age 21
- Less likely to use contraception
- Girls with higher self-esteem aged 11 are more likely to have sex by age 15 and more sexual partners by age 21
- Youth offending
- Committed property offences = low academic self-esteem
- commit offences alone = low social self esteem
- Bully = high levels of self-esteem = little empathy
- commit offences alone = low social self esteem
- Committed property offences = low academic self-esteem
- Non-violent sexual offending
- Low social and relationship self-esteem
- Low GSE and poor self-regulation
- Low social and relationship self-esteem
- definition
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