Geography- Weather and Climate

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  • Created by: arthurb77
  • Created on: 26-01-17 18:24
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  • Weather and Climate
    • Measuring and Mapping the Weather
      • Temperature/OC/ Thermometer
      • Pressure/ millibars mb/ barometer
      • Cloud cover/ oktas/ satellite image or your eyes
      • Wind speed/ mph/ anemometer
      • Wind direction/ compass bearing/ wind vane
      • Precipitation/millimetres/ rain gauge
      • Definitions
        • Weather- the day to day changes in the state of the atmosphere eg. Clouds, wind and rain and climate- the long term average of the temperature and rainfall.
      • Wind
        • Wind direction is describe as the direction the wind is coming from..
    • Clouds and  Rainfall
      • Types of rainfall
        • Convectional  Rainfall
          • The  ground has been warmed by the sun all morning. The ground warms the air and temperature rises. Water evaporates into water vapour. The war air rises by convection. The water vapour condenses and this makes clouds and rain.
        • Relief Rainfall
          • Warm, most air rises over mountains. Air cools as it gets higher. Condenses and forms clouds. Rain towards the top of the mountain as it cant hold the water anymore. The other side of the mountain is in a rain shadow.
        • Frontal Rainfall
          • Where warm and cold air meets. When warm air meets with cool air, forced to rise and it cools down. The water condenses forming rain.
      • Types of Clouds
        • Cumulus Clouds
          • Big and fluffy
        • Stratus Clouds
          • Big blankets of dull cloud.
        • Cirrrus Clouds
          • Thin and wispy
    • High and low pressure weather
      • High pressure
        • When air pressure is high, the air is sinking which means clouds cannot form.
        • Cooler air is sinking because it is moving from very high up in the atmosphere down towards the ground. This creates an area of high pressure. No clouds are created here as the air is warming up so cannot cool and  condense.
      • Low pressure
        • When air pressure is low, the air is rising wich encourages clouds to form.
        • The air is heated up at th ground, whic means it rises due to convection. As it rises, it cools and condenses forming rain.. As well as this,  wind is created when air moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.
    • Weather Fronts
      • Weahter fronts mark the boundary or transition zone between two air masses and have an effect on the weather. The UK has many of them as they come from the Atlantic Ocean.
      • Warm  Fronts
        • Don't mix easily. Warm air stronger than cold air= warm front. Cloud means it is likely to be warm front . As the front moves closer, the clouds get bigger. Gentle slope. Easy to see. Bring light drizzle. Don't always mean warm temperatures.Last a long time.
      • Cold Fronts
        • Cold air stronger than warm air=cold front. The air is more dense. Deep cloud layers. Produces lots of rain. Can be hail and thunder. Steeper slope. Cumulus clouds. Pressure rises and over quickly..
      • Depressions
        • Depressions are areas of low atmospheric pressure which produces cloudy, rainy and windy weather. These low pressure systems often begin in the Atlantic. They are responsible for the UK's changeable weather.
    • How does the climate affect our lives?
      • You can get different foods in different countries.
      • Transport- in extreme climates, it is hard to get around.
      • Houses- Houses will be different. Some houses insulated and some with no heating.
      • Clothing- you may wear more layers in colder countries.
    • How do we describe the graph?
      • Pattern Anomaly Least Most Statistic
    • What influences the climate?
      • Latitude
        • At a low latitude, the sun ray concentrates a low surface area. It is the opposite for a high latitude. This is because there is a high level of insolation near the equator.
      • Altitude
        • The higher the altitude, the colder it is.
      • Prevailing Wind
        • Going over the sea means more rain. Going over continents means les rain. The wind brings rain.
      • Distance from the sea
        • Places near the coast are warmer in winter and colder in summer than places that are inland.
      • Ocean Currents
        • They can increase or decrease the temperature. A warm current comes from the Tropics which keeps the UK Warmer.
      • Geography
        • If a land is hilly, the land is usually protected from rain. It contributes to the rain shadow.

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