Eisenhower and 2 Vietnams
- Created by: eleanorhayward
- Created on: 17-03-17 09:22
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- Vietnam
- Bao Dai was never popular in Vietnam. French puppet emperor.
- BD and his French puppet experts were too unpopular to remain in power.
- HCM seen by many Vietnamese as a patriot who cared about the ordinary people.
- His fairer redistribution of land, educational and health care programmes helped to win over the Vietnamese peasantry.
- The French had more men and materials.
- BUT Vietminh guerrilla tactics utilised the physical geography of the country.
- Made surprise attacks then retreated to WV's jungle.
- Giap was the Vietminh military commander. Loathed French colonialism.
- Felt that the Communist emphasis on co-operation and sharing fitted in with V traditions.
- Giap was the Vietminh military commander. Loathed French colonialism.
- Made surprise attacks then retreated to WV's jungle.
- BUT Vietminh guerrilla tactics utilised the physical geography of the country.
- The Chinese supplied HCM.
- The Vietminh fought for a free and more egalitarian Vietnam.
- Giap
- By 1944 he commanded the Vietnamese Liberation Army, 5,000.
- Mao's 1949 triumph transformed the situation.
- Mao gave Giap and Ho diplomatic recognition.
- More armaments, advice and sanctuary in China if V soldiers were in trouble.
- Mao gave Giap and Ho diplomatic recognition.
- Vietminh strategy exasperated the French.
- In France, many were beginning to lose interest in V.
- The French seized DBP intending to cut off Vietminh supply lines into Laos.
- French and Americans failed to anticipate that Giap's forces would be able to bombard the fortress from the surrounding high ground.
- French arrogance and Vietnamese ingenuity was key in French failure.
- Why did the French fail in Indochina?
- Ho and Giap worked hard to win the hearts and minds.
- Unpopular French puppet emperor Bao Dai.
- Vietnamese rebels exploited geography, fighting for a cause.
- Why did the French fail in Indochina?
- French arrogance and Vietnamese ingenuity was key in French failure.
- French and Americans failed to anticipate that Giap's forces would be able to bombard the fortress from the surrounding high ground.
- The French seized DBP intending to cut off Vietminh supply lines into Laos.
- Eisenhower gave the French $385 million worth of armaments for an offensive against the Vietminh.
- In return, the French promised to grant Indochina greater independence.
- Many questioned whether SE Asia was vital to US security.
- Eisenhower continued and increased American involvement in VW.
- Continued Truman's policy of helping the French to fight communism in Vietnam.
- Believed that SE Asia was vital to US security. But was more moderate than many in his views on what the US should do there.
- Eisenhower continued and increased American involvement in VW.
- Considered it easier and cheaper to pay other countries to help defend America.
- Arguments for U.S intervention at DienBienPhu.
- Eisenhower continued to invest more money in Vietnam.
- Communism had to be stopped, Eisenhower talked of rollback and dominoes.
- France's help was needed in NATO - must support France in Vietnam.
- Communism had to be stopped, Eisenhower talked of rollback and dominoes.
- Eisenhower continued to invest more money in Vietnam.
- Arguments against U.S intervention at DienBienPhu.
- Losing a small country full of peasants to Communism wouldn't greatly affect the balance of power.
- Only just got out of an unpopular Korean War.
- The French were 'hopeless'.
- Impossible to win in Vietnam with French imperialists.
- Might lead to WW3 with China.
- Impossible to win in Vietnam with French imperialists.
- The French were 'hopeless'.
- Only just got out of an unpopular Korean War.
- Losing a small country full of peasants to Communism wouldn't greatly affect the balance of power.
- John Foster Dulles
- Expert in foreign affairs.
- 1941: "The great trouble with the world today is that there are too few Christians."
- Important figure in the early years of the Cold War.
- Effectively contained the USSR.
- Helped to ensure that the U.S. rejected the Geneva Accords and supported Diem.
- Effectively contained the USSR.
- Important figure in the early years of the Cold War.
- 1941: "The great trouble with the world today is that there are too few Christians."
- Expert in foreign affairs.
- The Geneva Conference on Indochina, 1954.
- Stalin had died, new Soviet leaders wanted to show they were keen to decrease CW tension.
- China favoured negotiations because it wanted to forestall U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
- Diem feared and distrusted the French and HCM.
- Wanted the French out of Vietnam to concentrate on defeating communists.
- May 1954, the Vietminh raised their red flag over DBP.
- HCM: aimed to take over as much of Vietnam as possible.
- Bao Dai: sought Vietnamese independence and an easy life.
- Chinese: aimed at peace in Vietnam. Wanted to appear impressive and gain diplomatic recognition.
- French: wanted to end their colonial war but still wanted some influence on Vietnam.
- U.S.: sought to contain communism in SE Asia and avoid elections. Knew HCM would win.
- Bao Dai: sought Vietnamese independence and an easy life.
- HCM: aimed to take over as much of Vietnam as possible.
- Stalin had died, new Soviet leaders wanted to show they were keen to decrease CW tension.
- In the GA, the Vietminh agreed to give up territory they occupied south of the 17th parallel.
- Why did HCM accept a settlement that forced the Vietminh to retreat?
- Wanted to forestall U.S. intervention in Vietnam.
- Needed time for consolidation in the North. Peace would give him time for that.
- Needed Soviet aid, and Soviets wanted peace.
- Needed time for consolidation in the North. Peace would give him time for that.
- Wanted to forestall U.S. intervention in Vietnam.
- Why did HCM accept a settlement that forced the Vietminh to retreat?
- 1955, Diem defeated Bao Dai in a gov. controlled referendum.
- HCM asked him to join his Gov. Diem rejected this.
- Mansfield.
- Played a vitally important part in the continued support of Diem after 1955.
- Diem rejected the idea of nationwide elections - knew HCM would win.
- Mansfield.
- From the beginning the U.S. weren't entirely happy with their new SV ally.
- Nixon thought that the problem was that the SV lacked the ability to conduct a war by themselves.
- Dulles admitted that America supported Diem 'because we knew of no one better'.
- He was 'the best of a bad bunch'.
- Leaders of America's armed forces were unenthusiastic about involvement with Diem.
- General Collins reported that Diem's regime was hopeless.
- Spring of 1955: Diem's effective action against Bao Dai halted them.
- He was 'the best of a bad bunch'.
- HCM asked him to join his Gov. Diem rejected this.
- Diem visited America in 1957.
- Eisenhower praised him as the 'miracle man' of Asia.
- Diem never appealed to the ordinary people as HCM did.
- Saw the Vietminh as rebels.
- In many ways HCM's regime in the North was as unpleasant as Diem's in the South.
- From 1960, HCM's southern supporters called them the NLF (VC).
- NLF emphasised national independence
- Diem relocated peasants to agrovilles.
- Peasants hated this.
- Dissatisfaction with the regime of 'American Diem' was increasing.
- In 1960, 18 Vietnamese nationalists petitioned Diem for moderate reform.
- He became even more repressive in response.
- In 1960, 18 Vietnamese nationalists petitioned Diem for moderate reform.
- U.S. ambassador Elbridge Durbrow.
- Suggested that Diem introduce political and social reform rather than concentrate on the use of military fore.
- Bao Dai was never popular in Vietnam. French puppet emperor.
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