victimology
done in note form
- Created by: Rhianna Hall
- Created on: 14-06-14 14:05
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- Victimology
- Victims of crime
- "those who have suffered acts that violate the law"
- Christie - sees victim as soc const
- there is an ideal victim stereo (fav by med)
- "weak, inno & blameless" who are target of strangers attack
- there is an ideal victim stereo (fav by med)
- positive victimology
- look @ c&e (link to Funct)
- Miers - 3 features
- 1) aims to id factors that prov 'patt in victimisation'
- 2) focuses on 'interpersonal' crime of vio
- 3) aims to id victims who have contributed to own victimisation
- victim proneness
- Von Hentig - 13 chars of victim
- early studies focus on soc & psy chars that make victims diff f/ non vic's
- sugg victims 'invite' victimisation
- Wolfgang - 588 Philadelphia homicides
- 26% involved victim precipitation (where victim triggers own murder)
- EVAL
- ignores cases where victim isn't known/ doesn't know they are victim - w.c.c
- degree of victim blaming - unethical
- highlights how victimisation = matter of chance
- Victimisation surveys
- BCS prod by home office
- EVAL
- reliable - uncovering crimes not rep
- uncovers dark fig
- only researched into property & vio crimes
- excludes victimless crimes e.g. drugs
- BCS ignores Scot & Ire
- people unaware are victims
- EVAL
- BCS prod by home office
- Critical victimology
- linked t Marxism & Fem
- Fauson - structural factors
- e.g. pat, pov etc (put women @ greater risk)
- victimisation is 'form of structural powerlessness'
- the states power to apply/ deny label of victim
- 'victim' = soc const
- state applies label of victim to some but not others - i.e. pol not pursuing dom vio case
- Tombs & Whyte - heath & safety injury = 'acidents' - crimes of employers
- has ideo function - hides real causes of crime & probs
- EVAL
- disreg role victims play in own vicimisation
- useful in showing how vic status is soc const by power (& how it ben powerful)
- highl structural links to victimisation
- Social class
- poorest groups = > likely to be victimised - crime rates = highest in areas on umep/ dep
- Newborn & Rock - 300 homeless people - 12x > likely to be vict of vio
- why?
- close to env that 'causes' crime
- poorest groups can't afford crime prev measures
- why?
- Age
- younger people > @ risk - infants under 1 = > likely of murder
- Teens > @ risk of assult, sex har
- why?
- youths out @ night
- adults @ home - < likely
- alcohol - teens - sex harr
- elderly i.e abuse in nursing home
- impact
- fear
- crime creates fear
- this is irrational & doesn't reflect true victimisation pattern
- i.e. women fear > but < likely
- hate crims ag min = impact on whole comm e.g. Stephen Lawrence
- can create indirect victims e.g. witnesses
- phys/ psy effects
- fear
- Victims of crime
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