Utilitarianism
- Created by: _alf24
- Created on: 29-04-14 15:53
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- Utilitarianism
- Act
- Jeremy Bentham
- Hedonic Calculus
- Intensity
- Remoteness
- Richness
- Purity
- Duration
- Extent
- Certainty
- "Nature has placed us under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure"
- Rule of thumb can be used
- The greatest good for the greatest number
- Maximise pleasure and minimise pain
- Hedonic Calculus
- Quantitative
- Henry Sidgwick
- Questions Mill's higher and lower pleasures
- Concerned with justice in society
- Balance of pleasure over pain is the ultimate good
- No necessarily moral rules, only to seek the greatest happiness for the greatest number
- Strengths
- Everybody is treated the same
- Provides a practical decision making method
- Focuses of the well-being of a human
- Importance of consequences is considered
- Weaknesses
- We can't always know the consequences
- Greatest good could meant that gang **** is fine
- Assumes all forms of pleasure are the same
- Motives dont matter
- Jeremy Bentham
- Preference
- Peter Singer
- We should take the viewpoint of an impartial spectator
- Everyone is equal
- Our own preferences cannot count any more than preferences for others
- R.M Hare
- We need to "stand in someone else's shoes"
- In favor of universalisability
- We need to consider our own preferences and those of others
- Based on the preferences of all those involved
- Strengths
- Considering preferences removes some of the injustice like in act
- It includes non-human animals
- Weaknesses
- Impossible to know everyone's preferences
- What about the minorities preferences
- Is there even a difference between preference satisfaction and happiness?
- Peter Singer
- Rule
- Weak rule
- Try and use rules but can vary depending on situation
- Some would argue that weak rule is just act utilitarianism
- Strong rule
- Strict rules that should always be obeyed
- Qualitative
- John Stuart Mill
- Higher pleasures
- Fine Dining
- Reading
- Opera
- Lower pleasures
- Eating
- Sex
- "It is better to be Socrates dissatisfied that a fool satisfied, better to be a man dissatisfied than a pig satisfied"
- Universalisability
- The greatest happiness for everyone
- The greatest happiness for the greatest number
- Higher pleasures
- Weak rule
- Act
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