Utilitarianism
- Created by: ceyda
- Created on: 11-05-13 15:54
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- Utilitarianism
- Peter Singer
- All preferences are taken to account and count as one
- An action that maximises the preference that individual makes in life
- Best consequence is one that has the best interest of the individual involved
- "an action is wrong if itdoesnt satisfy the prefernce of the being involved unless the preferenceis one of the minority''
- John Stuart Mill
- Rule Utilitarianism
- Greatest good for the greatest number
- Rule takes priority over immediate situation
- general happiness making rules
- general happiness making rules
- He wished to reformulate the theory
- concerned that one persons pleasure is completely extinguished if majority gained pleasure from act
- Well being of individual is important
- Not all pleasures are of equal value
- Lower pleasures
- Lower qualities associated with animals. eg, drinking, eating, sleeping, sex
- they are physical pleasures. less intellectual
- Those who lack intelligence and character choose bodily pleasures
- Higher pleasures
- only humans can experience this. eg poetry, reading, classical music
- Preferred over quantitative pleasures
- "humans faculties more elevated that animal appetites, once conscience of them, they dont regard anything as pleasure that doesnt involve them"
- "it is better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied, better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied"
- Lower pleasures
- Self sacrifice is nessecary if it achieves GGFTGN
- Individual still isn't considered
- "It is not the agents own happiness but the greatest amount of happiness together"
- Individual still isn't considered
- concerned that one persons pleasure is completely extinguished if majority gained pleasure from act
- Rule Utilitarianism
- Jeremy Bentham
- "An action is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people"
- "Always act in such a way to maximise pleasure and minimise pain"
- Act Utilitarianism
- Principle of utility directly applied to each situation
- Flexible as rules and laws can be broken easily
- Decision is right or wrong depending on the consequence
- Hedonic calculus
- Duration: How long does it last?
- Extent: Number of people effected by it
- Purity: The sensation not being followed by sensations of pain
- Remoteness: how near is the pleasure and pain?
- Intensity: the strength of the sensation
- Chance: the chance it will happen again
- Certainty it will happen again
- We should receive the maximum pleasure
- Hedonistic
- Pleasure is pure good and pain is pure evil
- Pleasure is the ultimate good
- Humans are motivated by pleasure and pain
- Humans follow pleasure and try to avoid pain
- "Nature has placed man kind under two sovereigns; pain and pleasure. they point out what we ought to do and what we shall do"
- "An action is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people"
- Principle of Utility
- Whether an act is right or wrong depending on its usefulness
- Usefulness of the act depending on the amount of happiness produced by an action
- Whether an act is right or wrong depending on its usefulness
- Teleological approach
- Jeremy Bentham
- "An action is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people"
- "Always act in such a way to maximise pleasure and minimise pain"
- Act Utilitarianism
- Principle of utility directly applied to each situation
- Flexible as rules and laws can be broken easily
- Decision is right or wrong depending on the consequence
- Hedonic calculus
- Duration: How long does it last?
- Extent: Number of people effected by it
- Purity: The sensation not being followed by sensations of pain
- Remoteness: how near is the pleasure and pain?
- Intensity: the strength of the sensation
- Chance: the chance it will happen again
- Certainty it will happen again
- We should receive the maximum pleasure
- Hedonistic
- Pleasure is pure good and pain is pure evil
- Pleasure is the ultimate good
- Humans are motivated by pleasure and pain
- Humans follow pleasure and try to avoid pain
- "Nature has placed man kind under two sovereigns; pain and pleasure. they point out what we ought to do and what we shall do"
- "An action is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people"
- John Stuart Mill
- Rule Utilitarianism
- Greatest good for the greatest number
- Rule takes priority over immediate situation
- He wished to reformulate the theory
- concerned that one persons pleasure is completely extinguished if majority gained pleasure from act
- Well being of individual is important
- Not all pleasures are of equal value
- Lower pleasures
- Lower qualities associated with animals. eg, drinking, eating, sleeping, sex
- they are physical pleasures. less intellectual
- Those who lack intelligence and character choose bodily pleasures
- Higher pleasures
- only humans can experience this. eg poetry, reading, classical music
- Preferred over quantitative pleasures
- "humans faculties more elevated that animal appetites, once conscience of them, they dont regard anything as pleasure that doesnt involve them"
- "it is better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied, better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied"
- Lower pleasures
- Self sacrifice is nessecary if it achieves GGFTGN
- Individual still isn't considered
- "It is not the agents own happiness but the greatest amount of happiness together"
- Individual still isn't considered
- concerned that one persons pleasure is completely extinguished if majority gained pleasure from act
- Rule Utilitarianism
- Principle of Utility
- Whether an act is right or wrong depending on its usefulness
- Usefulness of the act depending on the amount of happiness produced by an action
- Whether an act is right or wrong depending on its usefulness
- An act is right or wrong depending on its consequences
- Every person has the ability to make their own choices
- Jeremy Bentham
- Peter Singer
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