Utilitarianism
- Created by: Phoebe
- Created on: 05-05-13 21:51
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- Utilitarianism
- "The greatest good of the greatest number" - Bernbard Fabian
- Jeremy Bentham 18th/19th century
- Non-Thiest
- Humans fundamentally prefer Pleasure to Pain and would never choose Pain over Pleasure
- "Two sovereign masters Pain and Pleasure" - An introduction to the principles of morals and legislation
- Hedonic Calculus
- Basic test to calculate the maximification of pleasure and minimization of pain
- Besed on Nature law of Pain and Pleasure
- Utility= Usefulness
- maximification of happiness/pleasure
- Utility= Usefulness
- John Stuart Mill 19th century
- Influenced by Bentham
- The aggregate of individual happiness as decisions made by the majority (Bentham) suppresseses minorities
- The Golden Rule
- Mill was an MP compared Bentham to Judge and Mill to Legislator
- Benthams simplistic views of human happiness to simple
- Actions dont make people happy - right conditions aswell
- Mill 3 basic princaples for perfect conditions for happiness
- Limit to power of society
- Freedom of thought and speech
- Right to be an individual as long as no harm caused to others
- Human rights and universal suffrage
- Higher and Lower pleasures
- Higher is proggessive (education) lower is physical (drinking)
- "worthy only of swine" Utilitarianism
- "it is better to be a human unsatissfied than a pig satissfied"
- Act Utilitarianism
- extreme utilitarianism
- Action is right if - promotos happiness - causes pleasure and absensce of pain - utility is greater than nought - maximizes utility compared to alternatives
- Henry Sidgwick 19th century
- Purely hedonistic
- What is good and what is right
- Consequetional
- Subject and objective right acts
- Princaple of Justice
- Rule of thumb
- Bentham
- Rule Utilitarianism
- Opposite of Act Utilitarianism
- Moral laws must be obeyed
- Mill
- Preference Utilitarianism
- Peter Singer 20th century
- Trade Off for general good
- Equality
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