Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Europe 11000-5000BC
- Created by: Canar
- Created on: 05-02-16 11:32
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- Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Europe 11000-5000BC
- Red 'Lady' of Paviland
- Discovered 1823
- Adult male corpse-25-30 years old. 1.74 m high
- 26,000 BP through AMS
- Corpse dyed with red ochre-funerary practice
- Bone analysis (collagen) shows diet consisted of 15-20% fish.
- Represent nomadic nature due to distance from sea. Other alternative could be presence of river.
- Could indicate that body taken to coastal region for burial-specific ritual?
- Represent nomadic nature due to distance from sea. Other alternative could be presence of river.
- Wales
- Grave goods
- Perforated shells-decoration?
- Identical to shells found at site in South Africa (Blombos)-75,000 years old.
- Mammoth skull+spatulae
- Paviland caves altogether had 4000 worked flints, necklace bones, mammoth-ivory bracelets and stone needles.
- Perforated shells-decoration?
- Cave reached by ladders-idea of another world or crossing a boundary? (Liminal)
- Shamanism?
- Upper Palaeolithic.
- Headless
- ritual?
- Burials found across Europe from time period are overwhelmingly male-contrast with venus figure prevalence.
- Climate and fauna of upper Palaeolithic
- Holocene=post-glacial world.
- Retreating ice-new areas exposed, others flooded.
- Mega fauna (mammoth) die out, growth of forest fauna.
- Seafood becomes more prevalent.
- Mesolithic diet switches to include more fish-allowed brain to develop.
- Warmer weather=more plant growth.
- Mesolithic diet switches to include more fish-allowed brain to develop.
- Gough's cave
- Minimum of 3 adults and 2 children-MNI-count skulls or other bones which only occur singularly in a skeleton.
- Signs of dismemberment on bones-cut marks.
- Also signs of burning-roasted and eaten?
- Skinned
- Also signs of burning-roasted and eaten?
- Horse sinews worked to produce sewing threads to make clothes/shoes.
- Cannibalism and 'cottage industry'?
- Cheddar man one of adults. Most complete skeleton in UK. 7150BC
- Upper Palaeolithic.
- Ceremonial staff of reindeer antler, fox teeth and perforated shells.
- Mesolithic
- Olleneonstrovski Mogilnik (Russia)
- 170 bodies with social stratification.
- Zoomorphic figures and maceheads-votive offerings?
- Lapenski Vir
- Foundation burials-6,500BC
- Latest AMS suggests 9,500-6000BC.
- Latest AMS suggests 9,500-6000BC.
- One large settlement with 10 satellite villages
- Located on banks of Danube-Serbia
- Artifacts include tools of stone and bone, house remains and sacral objects including unique stone sculptures.
- Bare porphyritic cliff (679 m high) which rises on the opposite side of the Danube from Lepenski Vir
- Evidence of temporary settlements-semi nomadic nature.
- Dead buried outside village in cemetery-exception of a few elders who are buried behind fireplaces-ritual?
- Piscine sculptures
- First appearance of monumental sculptures in Europe
- Humanoid figures with strong brow arches, elongated noses and fish-like mouth. Some other features sometimes present, but always with fish like features.
- River gods?
- Other sculptures include geometric shapes.
- Some altars found.
- Fish diet.
- Foundation burials-6,500BC
- Olleneonstrovski Mogilnik (Russia)
- Red 'Lady' of Paviland
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