unit B6 cont.
- Created by: Andrei stephen
- Created on: 05-06-13 12:28
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- unit B6 cont.
- useful microorganisms
- yogurt making
- ALL EQUIPMENT MUST BE STERILE
- milk is passtrised to 78oC
- cooled down and incubated with a culture of bacteria
- finbalyit is sampeled addied favours coulors and finally packaged
- cooled down and incubated with a culture of bacteria
- milk is passtrised to 78oC
- the Bactria used is called lactobacillus this causes the lactose to break down to lactic acid this is why the yogurt tastes acidic
- ALL EQUIPMENT MUST BE STERILE
- fermentation
- this is done under anerobic conditions
- the word equation is glucose --->ethanol + carbon dioxide
- first sugar is extracted from the grapes or oats
- yeast is added
- kept warm and all other organisms and air kept out so it can ferment proplperaly
- bear / wine is allowed to clarify and the clear liquid ids hen filtered from the yeast sediment
- the wine/bear can them be pasteurised or bottled
- bear / wine is allowed to clarify and the clear liquid ids hen filtered from the yeast sediment
- kept warm and all other organisms and air kept out so it can ferment proplperaly
- yeast is added
- the amount of alcohol produced by this is limited to a certain contrition so to make it stronger you have to distillate it this can only b done with a licence
- this needs to happen because high amounts of achole kill the yeast but some strains are more restant than others
- the symbol equation for this proses is C6H12O2----> 2C2H5OH+2CO2
- when yeast is respiring it soon uses up all the oxygen in the container and divides quicly the conditions then a kept anaerobic to produce alcohol
- yeast has its own optimum conditions so will break sugar down at different rates at different conditions
- pasteurisation is used to kill any harmful microbes the liquid is kept at a higher temperature of a set time this time depends on what is being brewed
- yogurt making
- life in soil
- soil contains mineral partials of different sizes in sandy soil theses are smaller than in clay soil
- loam soil contains a mix of clay and sand a lot of partly decomposed animal and plant waste known as humus
- experiments on soil
- you can find humus by burning it with a Bunsen burner
- find air space by seeing how much water it will take to fill them
- water content can be found by slowly heating the soil to evaporate the water
- if soil has large particles then then air content and permeability will be higher
- if it has larger amounts of humus it will often hold more water and air
- living in soil
- organisms that live in the soil depend a constraint on oxygen and water for chemical reactions
- humus is important as it will release minerals into the soil and increases air and water content
- earthworms are important because they
- bury organic materials for decomposers to decompose it
- aerate and drain soil
- this allows organisms to respire aerobically
- mix up soil layers
- neutralise acidic soil
- this slops to low PH and allows for better soil meaning plants grow better
- mix up soil layers
- this slops to low PH and allows for better soil meaning plants grow better
- many of these functions were first understood by Charles Darwin
- biofules
- this is using energy trapped in bio mass such as
- fast growing trees are grown then they are burnt
- waste sugars that have been fermented
- why use biofuels positives and negatives
- alternative to fossil fuels
- makes no net increase to green house gasses
- makes no particulates when burned
- these are carbon neutral
- could destroy habitats by planting for biofules
- other plants wont be able to remove carbon dioxide witch could make it less carbon neutral
- why use biofuels positives and negatives
- Biogas
- contains mainly methane some carbon dioxide and other gasses e.g. hydrogen nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide
- can be produced on a large scale in a digester uses continues flow as waste comes in gas goes out
- used for electricity generation to make hot water and steam and as fuels for vehicles
- production increases with temperature increase up to 45oC
- because enzymes work best a 45oC any higher and they denature
- if it has over 50% methane can be burned in a controlled way but at 10% it will explode
- clean fuel but has less energy than natural gas
- gasohol
- petrol mixed with alcohol very cheep
- good for places with little oil but lots of sugar
- this is using energy trapped in bio mass such as
- enzymes in action
- many biological washing powders use these enzymes
- amylase to digest starches
- lipases to remove fatty stains
- proteases to remove protein stains
- biological washing powders work best at moderate temperatures as these are optimum conditions
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- many biological washing powders use these enzymes
- useful microorganisms
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