ultradian and infradian rhythms
- Created by: Georgia_fuller
- Created on: 29-06-16 11:48
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- ULTRADIAN AND INFRADIAN RHYTHMS...
- Ultradian rhythms
- biological rhythms are reffered to as ultradian if its period is shorter than 24 hours.
- an example = 5 stages of a typical nights sleep.
- the sleep cycle repeats itself every 90-100 minutes.
- the ultradian rhythm found in human sleep follows a pattern of alternating REM and NREM which consitsts of slages 1-4
- REM= rapid eye movement
- NREM= non-rapid eye movement i.e. sleep
- different stages have different durations. a complete cycle consists a pregression through the 4 stages of NREM sleep before entering the final stage of REM sleep then it starts all over again.
- what we know about these stages of sleep comes from an ECG pattern and recording the electrical activites if the brain.
- each stage has a distinct ECG pattern.
- the ECG of a person in REM is like they are awake as they are dreaming.
- what we know about these stages of sleep comes from an ECG pattern and recording the electrical activites if the brain.
- STAGES
- 1) light sleep, muscle activity slows, occasional twitching.
- 2) breathing pattern and heart rate slows, decrease in body temp
- 3) deep sleep, brain begins to generate slow delta waves.
- 5) rapid evy movement brian waves speed up dreaming occurs! muscles relax and heart reate increses. breathing is rapid and shallow.
- the basic rest activity cycle
- Kleitman reffered to the 90 min cycle found during the day. - we move from a state of alertness to a state of physiological fatigue.
- research suggests that the human mind can focus for a period of about 90 mins. - toward the end the body runs out of resources and loses concentation and become fatigue.
- the operation of the BRAC in wakefulness is not as obvious as it is in sleep but every day observations suggest this, i.e coffee break at 10.30 breaking up 9-noon into 2 90 min period
- an example = 5 stages of a typical nights sleep.
- biological rhythms are reffered to as ultradian if its period is shorter than 24 hours.
- Infradian rhythms.
- Have a duration greater than 24 hrs- longer than circadian rhythms.
- they may last weeks, months, or may be annual
- weekly rhythms.
- male testosterone levels are higher at the weekend.
- young couples report more sexual activity at weekend than on weekdays.
- however birth levels are lower at weekends than weekday
- male testosterone levels are higher at the weekend.
- however birth levels are lower at weekends than weekday
- Halberg et al reported seven-day rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate in human-evidence is unclear.
- monthly rhythms.
- the human menstrual cycle.
- it lasts about one month.
- there are considerable variations in the length of the cycle, 23-days-36 days.
- ovulation occurs halfway through the menstrual cycle- when oestrogen levels are at peak.
- usually it lasts 16-32 hours - after the phase progesterone levels increase in the prep for possible implantation of an embryo in the uterus.
- ovulation occurs halfway through the menstrual cycle- when oestrogen levels are at peak.
- the cycle is regulated by hormones.
- they either promote ovulation
- or stimulate the uterus for fertilisation.
- there are considerable variations in the length of the cycle, 23-days-36 days.
- it lasts about one month.
- the human menstrual cycle.
- annual rhythms
- In animals annual rhythms are related to seasons
- i.e. migration and hibernation
- In humans, the calendar year appears to influence behaviour regardless of changes in temperature.
- research suggests a seasonal variation in moods- especially in women.
- some become severely depressed in winter.
- there is an increase in heart attacks in winter.
- the death rate is at its peak in January
- research suggests a seasonal variation in moods- especially in women.
- In animals annual rhythms are related to seasons
- weekly rhythms.
- they may last weeks, months, or may be annual
- Have a duration greater than 24 hrs- longer than circadian rhythms.
- Ultradian rhythms
- STAGES
- 1) light sleep, muscle activity slows, occasional twitching.
- 2) breathing pattern and heart rate slows, decrease in body temp
- 3) deep sleep, brain begins to generate slow delta waves.
- 5) rapid evy movement brian waves speed up dreaming occurs! muscles relax and heart reate increses. breathing is rapid and shallow.
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