types of conformity
- Created by: jacobwooliscroft4
- Created on: 21-04-20 11:55
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- types of observations
- non-participant observation
- the researcher simply observes the group or event without taking part
- advantages Researcher can be more open minded as they're an outsider looking in - less likely to feel sympathy and therefore produce bias data Allows researcher to see what goes on with their own eyes - can make judgements and observe body language used
- disadvantages can lead to Hawthorne effect - people act differently as they know they are being observed May be hard to gain accurate results as watching from a distance also it is time consuming and costly
- the researcher simply observes the group or event without taking part
- participant observation
- the researcher actually takes place in an event or in the everyday life of the group whilst observing it
- advantage Participants behave as they normally do, so evidence is valid It takes the viewpoint of the participants rather than the researcher It can dig deep into social interaction The researcher is open to new insights (the questions are not fixed in adv
- disadvantage It studies small groups so may not be representative It cannot be checked or repeated for reliability It is time-consuming in relation to the amount of data collected The researcher's presence may change the behaviour of the grouo The researcher may be biased
- the researcher actually takes place in an event or in the everyday life of the group whilst observing it
- overt observation
- the researcher makes their true identity and purpose know to those being studied. the sociologist is open about what they are doing
- disadvantages it is time consuming and not always representative also the Hawthorne effect
- advantages no ethcal issues and higher levels of reliability. the researcher can ask questions and also make notes instead of relying on memory.
- the researcher makes their true identity and purpose know to those being studied. the sociologist is open about what they are doing
- covert observation
- the study is carried out "under cover" the researchers real identity and purpose is kept concealed from the group being studied
- advantages accessing closed groups of people is more accessible as the experimenter does not have to seek approval. people will not act differently as they are unaware they are being watched
- disadvantages involves deception as the participants can not give informed consent.
- the study is carried out "under cover" the researchers real identity and purpose is kept concealed from the group being studied
- structured observation
- a data collecting method in which researchers gather data without direct involvement with the participants (the researchers watch from afar) and the collection technique is structured in a well defined and procedural manner.
- advantages allows quantitative data to be produced quickly and easily, counting frequency or duration of events thats are observed which means different observations can be directly compared which allows the researcher to see patterns and relationships.
- disadvantagsThey are only useful for studying small scale interactions. Its an intensive method to carry out
- a data collecting method in which researchers gather data without direct involvement with the participants (the researchers watch from afar) and the collection technique is structured in a well defined and procedural manner.
- unstructured observation
- Unstructured observation is the unplanned, informal, watching and recording of behaviours as they occur in a natural environment.
- advantage provides detailed data. unexpected data is still included provides qualitative data
- disadvantage observers have a tendency to record most eye catching or noticeable behaviour that might not be important or relevant. difficult to analyse and replicate
- Unstructured observation is the unplanned, informal, watching and recording of behaviours as they occur in a natural environment.
- naturalistic observation
- Naturalistic observation is a form of research which is conducted by observing organisms in their natural environment. The observer takes meticulous notes and may also make recordings, and the period of observation can last for months or even years.
- advantage: It allows researchers to study things that cannot be manipulated in a lab due to ethical concerns. It can help support the external validity of research.
- disadvantage: it is difficult to determine the exact cause of behaviour as the experimenter can not control extraneous variables
- Naturalistic observation is a form of research which is conducted by observing organisms in their natural environment. The observer takes meticulous notes and may also make recordings, and the period of observation can last for months or even years.
- non-participant observation
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