Twenty-first century Britain

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  • Twenty-First Century Britain
    • The class system is less pronounced than before
      • Group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
        • Factor whether someone is likely to be an amateur or professional
      • Tennis was traditionally middle class, now in a range
    • Social mobility can be achieved through sports
      • Release from poverty
      • Media creates role models for young people
    • Rate of participation is greater in 16+ in higher socio-economic groups
      • 38.7% in higher and 27.5% in manual and unemployed
    • Participation of women is much greater, especially in football and rugby
      • Still regards sport as 'unfeminine'
      • Traditionally gender-orientated sports are now taken up by opposite sex (dance)
      • More women are involved in gym and exercise classes
      • Increase in female sports presenters and these are role models
    • Global recession affected people's disposable income
      • Less money spend on sport and exercise
    • Participation is higher in UK compared to Europe
      • 41% of Europeans participating once a week
      • 48.5% of Brits participating once a week
      • 70% in Sweden
      • 68% in Denmark
      • 66% in Finland
    • Laws to prevent discrimination based on race and gender
      • Media shows women are still on the margin in terms of numbers and profile
      • Ethnic minorities are still undermined
      • Rights of transsexuals are protected (gender recognition of 2004)
      • Discrimination legislation in the UK covers race, gender, disability, age, sexual orientation and religeon
    • Globalisation features corporate brands, media coverage and freedom of movement of participants/officials and spectators
    • 'The golden triangle' shows influences of sport, sponsorship and the media
    • Hillsborough disaster 1989 introduced seating and stadium modernisation
    • Formation of the premier league (1992)
      • Elite and exclusive experience
        • Sharp rise in seat prices
    • Laws to protect spectators are more enforced
      • Laws to protect officials and referees too
      • Laws for misuse of drugs, misconduct and 'match-fixing'
    • primary, secondary and  comprehensive
      • 86.8% of pupils attend comprehensive schools
      • 5.2% attend middle schools
      • 2.6% attend secondary modern
      • 4.2% attend secondary grammars
      • 0.1% attend technical schools
    • Number of regular participants is down by 125,000 to 15.6million

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