Summary of Rebellions

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  • Tudor History
    • Yorkshire Rebellion 1489
      • Taxes were agreed in parliament to pay for a war against France to save Brittany's independence
      • The Earl of Northumberland was murdered when he tried to collect the tax
      • Led by Sir John Egremont, the rebels marched to York
      • The harvest in 1488 was poor
      • The earl of Surrey was sent with an army to crush the rebellion
    • Cornish Rebellion 1497
      • Perkin Warbeck was welcomed by King James IV of Scotland as King Richard IV of England
      • Parliament voted a subsidy to prepare England for a Scottish invasion
      • Led by Thomas Flamanck. Michael Joseph and Lord Audley, 18,000 rebels marched to London
      • The Rebels were defeated by a royal army at the Battle of Blackheath
      • Henry VII had imposed new regulations on the Stannary Parliament
    • Tax Revolt 1513
      • People in Yorkshire and Durham refused to play a poll tax.
    • Amicable Grant 1525
      • King Francis I of France has been captured by soldiers of Emperor Charles V
      • Henry VIII wanted additional funds to fight a war against France, but parliament refused to grant a subsidy.
      • Cardinal Wolsey proposed a forced loan
      • 10,000 people gathered in Lavenha and Bury St. Edmonds in Suffolk to protest
      • People refused to pay the tax in Cambridgeshire, Essex, Sussex and Warwickshire
      • When the Dukes of Norfold and Suffolk investigated the scale of the rebellion, Henry followed advice and stopped the collect of the amicable grant
      • All protestors were pardoned
    • Lincolnshire Rising 1536 & Pilgrimage of Grace 1536-7
      • 10,000 people from across the county, including 18 members of the gentry, were involved
      • Protesters gathered at Louth to protect the parish church from the King's Commissioner
      • In order to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had broken with the Catholic Church in Rome, Religious reforms had followed.
      • Catherine of Aragon's daughter, Mary, a catholic, had been replaced in the oder of succession by Anne Bleyn;'s daughter Elizabeth
      • The dissolution of the monasteries had begun
      • The Statute of Uses had closed a loophole which had allowed people inheriting land to avoid paying taxes
      • The rebels were hostile to the King's advisers  Thomas Cromwell and Richard Riche
      • People believed a rumour that taxes were to be levied on people who owned livestock
      • A royal army, led by the Duke of Suffolk, arrived and the protestors dispersed
      • Uprsings spread to Yorkshire, Nortumberland and Durham
      • Led by Robert Aske, the rebels, now numbering 30,000 seized York and Hull
      • The pontefract Artcles were devised and sent to the King
      • The Duke of Norfolk met with the rebels and offered them a general pardon, a promise that parliament would meet to discuss their demands and an agreement that the dissolution of the monasteries would be delayed until parliament had debated the issue.
      • Sir Francis Bigod raised a fresh rebellionaround Hull and then fled to Cumberland, where the people rose in his support
      • The Duke of Norfolk led an army to crush the rebellion
      • The leaders of the Pilgrimage were rounded up and executed for treason
    • Western Rebellion 1549
      • William Body, a king's commissioner, carried out religious reforms and investigated churches with determination and ruthlessness. He was murdered in Cornwall in 1548
      • The 1549 Act of Uniformity imposed a new, Protestant form of worship on all churches in England
      • A rebel camp was set up at Bodmin in Cornwall
      • At Sampford Courtenay in Devon parishioners refused to allow their priest to use the new form of woship
      • Rebels from Devon and Cornwall laid siege to Exeter
      • An army led by Lord Russell defeated the rebels
    • Kett's Rebellion 1549
      • In 1548 a royal commission was set up to examine the legality of enclosures in the Midlands and Protector Somerset issues a proclamation condemning enclosures
      • Drunken mobs attacked the enclosures of John Flowerdew and Robert Kett at Wymondham
      • The rebels were defeated at the Battle of Dussindale by the Earl of Warwick's army
      • Rebel demands included the roper imposition of religiousreforms
      • 16,000 rebels set up camp on Mousehold Heath outside Norwich, which they later occupied
    • Wyatt's Rebellion 1554
      • Queen Mary I proposed to marry King Phillip II of Spain
      • When Edward VI died attempts were made to secure a protestant succession by declaring Lady Jane Grey to be queen. It failed and she was imprisoned in the Tower. Mary, Henry VIII's daughter by Catherine of Aragon, became Queen.
      • The religious reforms of Henry VIII and Edward VI were undone
      • A rebellion was planned in four different counties, but rumours about the rebellion leaked out at court and the rebels had to act before they were ready
      • Sir Thomas Wyatt persuaded 3000 men in Kent to join him
      • The rebels marched to London. There was little royal response, but delays in crossing the Thames enabled the people of London to mount resistance.
    • The Revolt of the Northern Earls 1569
      • Queen Elizabeth reintroduced Protestantism via settlement that made the new church acceptable to the majority
      • In 1668 Mary Queen of Scots arrived in England, having been forced to abdicate her throne in Scotland. She was a descendant of Henry VII and next in line for the throne of England. She was also catholic
      • The Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland were catholic. They had lost influence to younger men at court
      • The rebellion had support in North Yorkshire and Northumberland. The rebels attacked the Bishop of Durham and destroyed all signs of Protestantismin Durham Cathedral
      • A royal army was sent north and eventually the rebellion was defeated on the Scottish border. The leaders were executed
    • 1590s
      • The effects of population growth and poor harvests led to protests about the price of bread and attacks on enclosures
      • People who were believed to be profiting from the distress of the masses were attacked
      • Curfews and other restrictions were introduced to curb people's power to protest. As a deterrent, more people were executed for rioting.
    • The Earl of Essex's Rebellion 1601
      • The Earl of Essex had been Elizabeth's favourite courtier. He was made Lord Lieutenant in Ireland in 1599. He failed to stop a rebellion in Ulster; acted against the queen's wishes and then abandoned his past. He was disgraced.
      • The refusal of the crown to renew his right to collect taxes on the import of sweet wine led to severe financial difficulties
      • With 300 supporters  many of them noblemen in a similar financial plight, Essex marched into London. There was little popular support and the rebellion was crushed. Essex was executed
      • Essex aimed to seize control of London, remove Robert Cecil from office and win the favor of James VI of Scotland, who was next in line to the English Throne

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