Tudor Rebellion

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  • Created by: LRule26
  • Created on: 26-02-19 15:56
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  • The Amicable Grant - 1525
    • Henry wanted to get back land in France. The French king had been imprisoned by the Emperor.
      • Wolsey helped him set up taxes to get the money they needed for an invasion.
      • The people had 10 weeks to pay the tax, and many couldn't pay it as they did not have the money. Meaning that the people did not like it.
      • A rebellion in Lavenham, Suffolk, broke out and it led to those responsible for it not having to pay the tax.
        • The rebellion consisted of 10,000 men.
        • The rebellion was ended by the Duke of Norfolk and the Duke  of Suffolk. (They sided with the rebels to show that Wolsey's plan was a failure).
          • The two Dukes did not like Wolsey.
        • After Wolsey's plan fails it damages his reputation and humiliated the king.
          • Henry had to change foreign policy.
      • This left France open to attacks.
    • Tudor Rebellion
      • The Pilgrimage of Grace - 1536
        • Henry's religious changes were unpopular in the North of England. This led to an uprising:
          • The first part of the uprising (The Pilgrimage of Grace), in Lincolnshire, failed.
          • An uprising in Yorkshire developed under the leadership of Robert Aske.
            • Henry placed the Duke of Norfolk in charge of stopping the uprising.
            • The uprising failed because the Pilgrims decided to trust Henry and negotiate with him, rather than fight.
              • The king had no intention of keeping the promises he made the Pilgrims, and in the Spring of 1537 he rounded up and executed the rebels.
          • The main rebels focused on reversing Henry's religious reforms.
        • REASONS:
          • Religious
            • Fear that the attack on the 'old religion' would continue and parish churches would be next.
          • Social
            • Anger at the closure of the monasteries that led to, among other things, hunger and homelessness as well as no care for the sick.
          • Political
            • Resentment at Cromwell's interference in local affairs and his attempts to centralise power.
          • Economics
            • Resentment - -At continuing taxation with the 1534 Subsidy Act still being collected.       -At rising rents.              -An increase in enclosure.   -By landowners towards the Statue of Uses introduced in 1536 (a tax on inheritance).   Also, bad weather had led to poor harvests, increasing dissatisfaction
        • KEY CHARACTE-RS
          • Leaders of the rebellion:
            • Robert Aske
              • A lawyer.
            • Nicholas Melton
              • A shoemaker.
              • Leader of the Louth uprising.
            • Lord Darcy
              • A nobleman.
          • Henry's men:
            • Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk.
            • Thomas Howard, Duke of Suffolk.
        • FAILURE of the Pilgrimage of Grace
          • The Pilgrimage of Grace was unsuccessful because of Robert Aske's misplaced faith in the King. It was highly unlikely Henry would give in to the rebels as this would have weakened his control and power considerably.
      • Western Rebellion - 1549
        • REASONS:
          • 1549 - the 1st Prayer Book.
          • The  1549 Act of Uniformity
          • Hatred for William Body in Cornwall.
            • He was attacked and killed by an angry mob.
            • He was destroying Catholic Churches - He had been sent by the King.
              • He was attacked and killed by an angry mob.
          • Religion
          • Economics
            • Devon's JPs had introduced a new tax on sheep, May 1549.
              • Worried about inflation, worried geese and pig's would also be taxed.
              • Put in ONLY 2 weeks after the new Prayer Book, added to the grievances.
        • Cornwall was the prelude to a much larger uprising in Devon.
        • The rebels were offered a Royal pardon to disperse which they refused.
          • They moved the rebellion to Oxford, they were now 6000 men strong.
            • "...we shall have the mass in Latin as it was before."
        • The demands were written up by members of the Clergy - BIAS.
          • They were asking for all religious changes to stop. They wanted the restoration of old practices, (use of Latin, Communion in one kind, prayers for the dead, mass every Sunday).
      • Kett's Rebellion - 1549
        • (the same year as the harsh vagrancy laws were introduced). Another possible issue?
        • KEY CHARACTE-RS
          • Robert Kett - Leader
            • A nobleman who was actually caught inclosing the common lands at one point.
        • REASONS:
          • Enclosure
            • The rebels (and other people) were supported by central government when they began tearing down enclosure.
            • The issue of enclosure was made worse by rack renting.
          • Bad local government or class war?
            • Not looking after locals well.
          • Religion
            • Parishes needed to pick new priests. Priests should teach and be part of the aristocracy rather than the flock.
        • The rebel's attacked Norfolk towns.
          • 16,000 men marched towards Norwich and set up camp at Household heath.
          • They were offered pardon.
          • Northumberland was sent by the King with 14,000 troops to end it. He could not.
      • Revolt of the Northern Earls - 1569-70
        • REASONS:
          • Political
            • The Duke of Norfolk believed he had been wrongly denied high office that his title and standing demanded.
              • LOSS OF STATUS = LOSS OF MONEY AND INCOME.
            • Norfolk would free and marry Mary QofS, raise an army and retake Scotland.
              • He intended to rule Scotland with Mary and their children would have a claim to Elizabeth's throne after she died.
            • Loss of influence.
              • Blamed Elizabeths 'evil' advisors for this because of the protestant change.
          • Local factors
            • Earls of Northumberland and Westmorlandhad been displaced from their traditional role of controlling Northern Government.
              • Northumberland also had other grievances including loss of mineral rights.
            • Feudal loyalties encouraged many to join the rebellion.
          • Religious
            • Norfolk, Northumberland and especially Westmorland resented the Protestant reforms.
              • The rebels carried the Five Wound Banner notably into Durham Cathedral (November 1569) highlighting support for Catholicism and echoing the Pilgrimage of Grace.
                • Lower orders were largely religiously motivated.
            • Wanted to restore Catholicism.
          • Elizabeths refusal to marry.
            • Possible risk of civil war if the Queen was to die.
            • Uncertainty about England's future.
          • The captivity of Mary QofS , used as a figurehead for Northern nobility who could legitimately replace Elizabeth and solve both their political and religious issues.
        • KEY CHARACTERS -
          • Thomas Percy - Earl ofNorthumberland.
          • Charles Neville - Earl of Westmorland.
          • Thomas Howard - Duke of Norfolk.
        • Although Mary was the figurehead for this rebellion, she never openly supported them. Neither did Spain.
        • Significance
          • Elizabeth was excommunicated.
            • Sent off the message that Elizabeth could be killed.
            • 3 more rebellions follow : Ridolfi, Babington and Throckmorton.
          • Catholic priests began entering England.

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