Tudor Government

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  • Tudor government
    • Henry VII limited the power of the nobles
      • Under Henry VII, important decisions were made in the Royal Court. If nobles did not attend, they could not be part of these decisions
      • Henry disciplined nobles in the Star Chamber
      • He avoided expensive wars, and built up the wealth of the crown
      • Henry got nobles on his side through royal patronage by offering promotions or land
    • Henry VIII extended the power of the monarchy, but he had to work with Parliament
      • Henry VIII ruled with assistance from key nobles, but he always made sure their power was kept in check
      • In 1487 and 1504, he restricted the number of retainers a nobleman could have
      • Henry used the nobles he was close to, to force decisions in Parliament to go the way he wanted
      • He worked closely with Parliament and made sure that he sanctioned his actions by making them law
      • Henry waged war with France and Scotland, and used heavy taxation to finance them
      • In 1534, Henry passed the Act of Supremacy (this removed England from the Catholic Church). The Church of England was created, and he was recognised as it's head
    • Henry VIII had a turbulent relationship with key nobles
      • Henry made Thomas Wolsey Archbishop of York, and later chancellor. Wolsey used his status to acquire a lot of wealth
      • Wolsey could not convince the Pope to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon
      • In 1929, Wolsey was arrested after being charged with treason and died before the trial
      • Henry appointed Thomas Cromwell as his chief minister in 1934. This gave him power over other nobles
      • After Cromwell's leadership of the break of Rome and Dissolution of the Monasteries, Henry made him Earl of Essex
      • Cromwell was arrested and executed without trial in 1540 after the marriage he arranged between Henry and Anne of Cleves failed to bring political union with France
    • Elizabeth I was a strong leader and overcame many challenges in her reign
      • Elizabeth took advice from nobles to ensure that people felt they were being listened to
      • Elizabeth's sister, Mary,  was a Catholic. Some people were worried about the frequent changes in religion, but Elizabeth did not persecute Catholics, and enforced moderate Protestantism
      • Elizabeth's Religious Settlement helped to repair many religious divisions during her reign
      • In 1569, she defeated the rebels acting for Mary Queen of Scots. 750 people involved in the Northern Rebellion were executed
      • Elizabeth spread anti-Catholic propaganda to deal with Catholic spies and traitors
      • She never married and used her status as the "Virgin Queen" to gain support. her supports knew that she had dedicated her  life to her country
    • Elizabeth I had a positive relationship with Parliament
      • Elizabeth worked with her Privy Council to pass laws and agree taxes
      • Elizabeth saw Parliament as a way of communicating with the people - MP's were allowed to raise questions about important issues
      • Her positive relationship with Parliament was aided by William Cecil, Who brought order and stability to the Royal Court
      • Parliament supported Elizabeth's views on religion

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