tsarist reaction and the radical opposition after 1881

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  • tsarist reaction and radical opposition after 1881
    • security and repression increased
    • Populist movement effectively ceased to exist
      • some supporters managed to  meet in secret and commit terrorist attacks
    • underground societies continued to translate and reproduce foreign socialist writings
    • contact with exiled radicals and in west maintained
    • Georgi Plekhanov established Emancipation of Labour group in 1883
      • translated and arranged for Marxist tracts to be smuggled into Russia
      • suggested revolutionaries should concentrate activities among city workers
        • was proletariat that would drive a revolution
      • believed the proletariat would first need to cooperate with bourgeoisie to destroy autocracy
    • St Petersburg students tried to reform People's Will in 1886
    • group making bombs to assassinate Alex III arrested in March 1887
      • five members hanged (including Lenin's older brother)
    • industrialisation growth led to development by 1890s
      • workers' organisations
        • spread radical Marxist ideas more widely
      • illegal trade unions
        • spread radical Marxist ideas more widely
      • Marxist discussion circles

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