Tsar Alexander III
- Created by: businessas
- Created on: 24-01-17 22:53
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- Tsar Alexander III
- Reforms
- Political
- Land captains were created in July 1889
- 1890- Zemstva rearranged to reduce peasant vote
- Judiciary
- 1887- Ministry granted the right to hold closed court sessions
- 1889 - Ministry became responsible for appointment of judges
- Secret Police
- 1882 - Statute on Police Surveillance passed
- The number of police increased, led by Von Plehve
- Education
- Students forbidden to congregate in groups larger than 5
- 21% of population literate by 1897
- Primary school education placed in Church's hands
- Censorship
- 1882 - "temporary regulations" introduced, giving power to shut down newspapers
- Political
- Opposition
- Moderate Liberal
- Alexander reduced the power of the zemstva
- 1891 famine was mainly dealt with by the zemstva
- mainly believed in nihilism or anarchism
- emancipation of labour group established in 1883 by Plekhanov
- Most opposition was crushed
- Moderate Liberal
- Economic
- Change
- 1887 - 30% import tariff introduced on raw materials
- 1881-91 - Grain exports increased by 18%
- Overtrading resulted in the 1891 famine
- foreign investment rose from 98M roubles to 280M (1880-95)
- Continuity
- Russia remained behind western Europe. Grain production was 30% of the UK
- High taxes on peasantry
- Peasans had too little land to produce surplus
- Change
- Russification
- 1892 - Finnish diet reorganised to reduce power
- The polish national bank was closed in 1885
- 1885-89 - Russian language to be used in all offices etc
- 1884 - All theatres in Ukraine closed
- 1892 - Georgia uprising crushed
- 1884 - Bashkira uprising crushed
- caused resentment from wealthy Europeans
- Anti-Semitism
- 1881-84 - Jewish Pogroms incited by Pobedonostev
- 1886 - Jews can only sell alcohol at home
- 1891 -Non- Christians banned from owning property in some provinces
- Social
- The middle class grew, but professional services were in great demad.
- over 50k pagans were converted to orthodoxy
- between 1886-94 there was 33 urban strikes per year
- Average life expectancy was 27 for males 29 for females
- Reforms
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