Tropical Rainforests

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  • TRFs
    • CLIMATE
      • wet and hot
        • ideal for growth
        • 27-32 degrees temperature and 2000mm of rainfall
    • LOCATION
      • found between the Tropics of Capicorn and the tropic of Cancer
      • 23.5 degrees north and south of the equator
    • LAYERS OF THE RAINFOREST
      • Forest floor
        • very little light
        • covered in leaf litter, hummus, rotting branches ect.
        • when a tree falls, lights gets in and encourages young plants to grow fast; they compete for the extra sunlight
      • Canopy
        • 2nd highest layer (30-45m)
        • crowns of trees knit together to form a dense canopy layer
        • blocks out sunlight and intercepts rain
        • has the most vegetation because it intercepts rain and catches sunlight
        • birds,frogs, butterflies,snakes, monkeys and insects
      • Understory
        • low sunlight (2-15%)
        • quite open (vegetation is only dense where light gets in ie rivers
        • frogs, snakes, butterflies and insects live here
      • Emergent layer
        • tallest layer (40m)
        • trees adapted to the heat
        • bats, eagles, butterflies, monkeys
    • PLANT ADAPTATION
      • ephiphytes grow on trees and take advantage of sunlight; poisonous dart frogs grow on them
      • Lianas are vine like stuctures that wrap themselves around trees to get to the light
      • Drip tips are on leaves so that water falls off so the leaves are not damaged
      • smooth, waxy bark so that plants don't grow on them
      • angled leaves so that all plants get sunlight
      • pitcher plants are adapted to attract and digest prey so are lined with digestive enzymes and hairs that attract the insects
    • USES OF RAINFOREST
      • Medicine- 1/4 of all medicines come from TRFs ie rosy periwinkle that treats leaukemia
      • Logging- trees are cut to provide timber used for furntiure
      • Farming- commercial farming for coffee and bananas, cattle ranching and shifting cultivation
      • settlement, dam building and fuelwood
    • IMPACTS OF DEFORESTATION
      • less biodiversity and loss of habitat
      • loss of medicine sources
      • Flooding as there are no tree roots to **** up the immense amount of rain
    • SAVING THE RAINFOREST
      • selective logging- trees are only deforested when they reach a particular height garanteeing a 30-50 years lifespan
      • Agroforestry
      • Monitoring illegal deforestation (use of satellite technology)
      • Education- education the deforesters about the impacts of their actions
      • Forest reserves- areas protected from exploitation
      • Ecotourisim
    • CONVECTIONAL RAINFALL
      • 1: sun rises high in the sky and heats up the ground
        • 2: Air next to the ground is heated and warm air rises
          • Water evaporates from ground and trees and later condenses
            • Clouds form and later storm clouds form
              • Heavy rain
                • CONVECTIONAL RAINFALL
                  • 1: sun rises high in the sky and heats up the ground
                    • 2: Air next to the ground is heated and warm air rises
                      • Water evaporates from ground and trees and later condenses
                        • Clouds form and later storm clouds form
                          • Heavy rain
      • NUTRITION CYCLE
        • Trees shed leaves that fall to the ground and create leaf litter
        • Decomposing microbes decompose the leaves
          • Decomposition of leaves releases nutrients into the soil, putting them back in the ecosystem
            • Trees shed leaves that fall to the ground and create leaf litter

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