Treatments for schizophrenia
Biological and psychological treatments for schizophrenia
- Created by: william logue
- Created on: 05-04-14 12:01
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- Treatments for schizophrenia
- Biological
- Antipsychotics
- First line of treatment
- Can be taken orally or via injection.
- Take until episodes cease however long term is recomened.
- Reduces anxiety and aggression. And later reduces other symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions
- Conventional
- 1st generation - 1950's
- Reduce dopamine - blocks receptors
- Only eliminates positive effects
- AO2/AO3
- Relapse rate - significantly less relapse rate between treatment and placebo groups.
- Need to consider other factors those who went back to a hostile environment had a relapse rate of 53% but those who went back to a supportive environment had a relapse rate of 12%
- Tardive dyskinesia - side effect of the drugs. about 30% of patients get it and in 75% its irreversible.
- Atypical
- Newer generation developed in the 1990's.
- Blocks dopamine and serotonin recpetors
- Reduces positive and negative symptoms
- AO2/AO3
- meta-analysis - only marginally better than conventional.
- improvements of negative symptoms. 2 drugs slightly more effective, one as effective and one slightly worse.
- Lower likelihood of tardive dyskenisia with only 5% of patients getting it.
- Less side effects so patients want to continue their treatments and therefore see more benefits.
- Electro-convulsive therapy
- Inducing a seizure to reduce symptoms.
- AO2/AO3
- Meta-analysis - 1/2 of pp's showed short term benefits but did last as long as the control group.
- 19 ECT studies were compared with simulated ECT, found that it was no different than anti-psychotics
- Significant risk: brain damage permanent memory loss even death.
- Antipsychotics
- Psychological
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
- AO2/AO3
- CBT doesnt always address the negative symptoms.
- Most patients are treated with drugs alongside cbt so we dont know which one is having the effect
- Not all benefit from CBT and younger patients benefitted more than older ones.
- Gould et al - meta analysis - significant decrease in the positive symptoms after treatment.
- Reattribtuion therapy - look at previous maladaptive responses to things that have happened in their lives.
- adjusts thinking patterns and alters irrational beliefs
- Encourages patients to think back and try to find out *** the symptoms may have come about.
- Based on irrational + unrealistic thoughts.
- Belief modification - patients are encouraged to evaluate the content of their halluciations and delusions.
- AO2/AO3
- Psychoanalysis
- Freud saw schizophrenia as an organic problem rather than a psychological one.
- He renounced the idea of using psychoanalysis with psychotics
- AO2/AO3
- American medical boards say that the therapy should only be used along side drug therapy
- It is very expensive and long term and doesn't appear to be any more effective than the cheaper drug therapies.
- It is argued that it is impossible to say for whether psychoanalysis is beneficial and some can even be harmful. however a meta-analysis that is was an effective trwatment
- Harry stack sulivan - pioneered the use of psychoanalysis with schizophrenic patients.
- Schizophrenics reflect a return to early childhood forms of communication.
- The individual has a fragile ego + unable to cope with stress and so regreses
- The therapy requires the patient to learn adult forms of communication and understand the role of the past in their problems.
- Freud saw schizophrenia as an organic problem rather than a psychological one.
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
- Biological
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